Molecules, Moles and Avogadros Number

Molecules and moles are important to understand when studying chemistry and physical science. Heres an explanation of what these terms mean, how they relate to Avogadros number, and how to use them to find molecular and formula weight. Molecules A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds and ionic bonds. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that still displays the properties associated with that compound. Molecules may contain two atoms of the same element, such as O2 and H2, or they may consist of two or more different atoms, such as CCl4 and H2O. A chemical species consisting of a single atom or ion is not a molecule. So, for example, an H atom is not a molecule, while H2 and HCl are molecules. In the study of chemistry, molecules are usually discussed in terms of their molecular weights and moles. A  related term is a compound. In chemistry, a compound is a molecule consisting of at least two different types of atoms. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds!  Ionic compounds, such as NaCl and KBr, do not form traditional discrete molecules like those formed by covalent bonds. In their solid state, these substances form a three-dimensional array of charged particles. In such a case, molecular weight has no meaning, so the term formula weight is used instead. Molecular Weight and Formula Weight The molecular weight of a molecule is calculated by adding the atomic weights (in atomic mass units or amu) of the atoms in the molecule. The formula weight of an ionic compound is calculated by adding its atomic weights according to its empirical formula. The Mole A mole is defined as the quantity of a substance that has the same number of particles as are found in 12.000 grams of carbon-12. This number, Avogadros number, is 6.022x1023. Avogadros number may be applied to atoms, ions, molecules, compounds, elephants, desks, or any object. Its just a convenient number to define a mole, which makes it easier for chemists to work with very large numbers of items. The mass in grams of one mole of a compound is equal to the molecular weight of the compound in atomic mass units. One mole of a compound contains 6.022x1023 molecules of the compound. The mass of  one  mole of a compound is called its molar weight or molar mass. The units for molar weight or molar mass are grams per mole. Here is the formula for determining the number of moles of a sample: mol weight of sample (g) / molar weight (g/mol) How to Convert Molecules to Moles Converting between molecules and moles is done by either multiplying by or dividing by Avogadros number: To go from moles to molecules, multiply the number of moles by  6.02 x 1023.To go from molecules to moles, divide the numbers of molecules by  6.02 x 1023. For example, if you know there are 3.35 x 1022  water molecules in a gram of water and want to find how many moles of water this is: moles of water molecules of water / Avogadros number moles of water 3.35 x 1022  /  6.02  x 1023 moles of water 0.556 x 10-1 or 0.056 moles in 1 gram of water

The Bhagavad Gita And The Symposium - 2073 Words

Desire in the Bhagavad-Gita and the Symposium Concepts of love and desire cross cultures and time periods, defining human interaction and goals with its powerful force on the human mind. The line between love and desire is not always clear and people from philosophers to scientists have attempted to understand these complex emotions and how they may be right or wrong. Desire has been characterized mainly as a distraction that will hinder humans on their solitary paths to self- enlightenment, but rather than abstaining from desire entirely to better reach enlightenment it is should be transformed through the guidance of the wise and made into a valuable resource in the search for truth rather than being seen as the enemy. Desire, when left unguided, can be a problem for those who give into it, however, a desire that has transformed into a sort of love with virtuous intentions can help one on their way to enlightenment when used in the correct way. The types of desire as they relate to what enlightenment is and the way it can be achieved are all of great importance to the potential use of desire as a resource. Unrestrained desire of anything from objects to human bodies must be checked by a set of rules or standards whether those rules instruct humans to completely rid themselves of desire or to transform that desire into something more. Selfish desire is characterized as temporary and ultimately useless or even a hindrance to a man in search of truth and knowledge.Show MoreRelatedThe Symposium And The Bhagavad Gita Essay1725 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Assignment 2 Prompt 1 When it comes to the subject of love and desire, it would seem that The Symposium and The Bhagavad Gita disagree as to whether those qualities are beneficial to achieving spirituality or detrimental. In the Symposium, Plato states that desire is part of the pathway to achieving spirituality. By contrast, the unnamed author of the Bhagavad Gita seems to state that desire is an obstacle in the pathway to achieving divinity. Their perspectives can seen through their textsRead MoreDesire In The Symposium1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s The Symposium, a group of well-versed men consider philosophical arguments, specifically regarding the role desire plays in a virtuous life. As academics and philosophers who hold high rank in the social system of ancient Greece, these men are praised for their wisdom and eloquence. One such philosopher, Pausanias, gives a speech early in the text that addresses desire as a multifaceted concept, setting the tone for the novel. The Bhagavad-Gita , an ancient Indian text that is much reveredRead MoreLove And Devotion : Everlasting Concepts With Innumerable Meanings1655 Words   |  7 Pageschanged; and the studying of great texts such as the Plato’s Symposium, the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible, and the Bhagavad Gita have contributed to the expansion of my knowledge on such abstract topics. Love holds various meanings that vary from person to person, which is largely what is so remarkable about it. Love is an emotion, a drive, an expression; love is many things combined into one strong pull to some force. In The Symposium, love holds many interpretations by the various speakers, butRead More Siddhartha Essay: Hindu and Buddhist Thought1501 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita, an important poetical document of the Hindu religion. Timpe maintains that Hesse was influenced largely by the Bhagavad Gita when he wrote his book and that the protagonist was groping his way along the path prescribed by the Bhagavad Gita. Hesse was indeed familiar with this important work, and a comparison between it and Siddhartha is rewarding.    As Timpe points out, the basic central problems of Siddhartha and the Gita are similar: how can theRead MoreConcepts Of Love And Desire2059 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause they are literally regarded as a disposable vessel for the real spirit which is placed in much higher standing within the world order. In the same way, â€Å"beauty of minds as more valuable than that of the body† (Plato 48) is an emphasized in the symposium. This connection to the concept of the other text where the bodies of humans and other material things are of much less value than that which is less tangible. The mind is valued for its infinite possibilities and its connection to knowledge. The

Organizational Development Paper Free Essays

Organizational development is a benchmark for a given organization’s success in establishing its core values, mission statement and goals. Whether an organization is non-profit or for profit does not change the fact that both types of organizations need to make the best of all plans and then implement them to make the right culture as well as model of running the business or supporting the cause which this particular organization is used to doing.What is necessary is the most of the work is done by middle and upper management, in planning the projects and yearly goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Development Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now When an organization goes through staffing of capital change or depletion, all changes have to be made in accordance with the balance capital as well as the needs for more human power to run a specific position and or functions within various departments of the organization. As organizational needs and business demands shift so do the processes of conduction business and managing the organizational structure.Organizational assessment of needs make it different for every organization as to how the success of a particular organization can be insured by its managers and employees. In industrial/organizational psychology and management sciences’ disciplines, graduated students study case studies and then develop solutions to scenarios helpful and suitable for establishing a policy structure to make the organizational system run smoothly.Theory of change is one theory which states that a cycle of stability and consequent change is imminent always in the life of any organization. It is a stage theory basically entails identifying need for change, making the actual change and then readjusting to the changed way of conducting business. Over all operational evaluations eventually lead to better systems and stable methods, by which seasoned employees can steer the organization to success every step of the way to achieving a status of a credible and successful arket name brand won by the organization. The processes involved in the change making itself, will rigorously change and as long as the core values of the organizational structure are adhere to nothing will transpire which will be less then ethical and lawful from a legal point of view. For the organization to defend or justify, because all operational and management procedures will be inline with the guiding by-laws and regulations following which, the organization will originally set up.Further development in any organization is always required. And this second phase of development is based on the first p hase of established foundational laws and policies. Given changing businesses and consumer services’ needs, the scale and the expanded quality of services will change too, and so would the processes which make them happen. Successful organizational always reflect on their statistics in numbers as well as qualitatively.With the change in human power and capital resources, every successful organization takes it seriously that the quality of the deliverables is not sacrificed with rendering ad hoc business practices.References Feist, J. , Feist, G. (2006). Theories of personality (6 ed. ). Boston: McGraw Hill. Spector, P. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology (5 ed. ). Retrieved from New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite Organizational Development Paper, Papers

Impact of Neo-liberalization on International Business †Free Samples

Question: Discus about the Impact of Neo-liberalization on International Business. Answer: Introduction Neoliberalism is an important theory of political economy which proposes that that the well-being of an individual can be achieved by maximizing entrepreneurial freedom within the institutional framework. This framework is characterized by individual liberty, free trade, property rights, unfettered markets. Neoliberalisation has been flourishing around the world similar to the wave of discursive adjustment and institutional reform. Neoliberalism is an important exemplar of global development. The advocates of neoliberalism have opined that the ease of capital flow is an important indicator of development for the poorer countries. They ignored the issue of labor mobility in such countries. The investors in the global market have focused on the new areas of profit making opportunities which was produced by the neoliberalism in the emerging market during the mid-1990s. Moreover, neoliberalism often defines competition as important characteristics of human relations. It defines the citiz ens as the consumers whose choices are exercised through the process of buying and selling, a systematic process which punishes inefficiency and rewards merit. The market also delivers such benefits which cannot be achieved through proper planning. The declining price of the food stuffs, growth in the public and private debt and increase in the unemployment affected the economy of Australia. The neoliberal ideology which has shown an increasing trend in Australian agriculture has emphasized on the rural and the individual community self-help. This paper will highlight the impact on neo-liberalism on the international business activity (Joseph, 2013). Key ideas of Neo-liberalism Neoliberalism is an authoritative policy framework in contemporary globalization. The approach of liberalism has served the interests of the dominant classes and the countries in the world. The neo-liberal laissez faire capitalist argue that the political and economic freedom either in the form of capitalism or democracy helps to produce higher level of wealth in the economy. There are certain economic reforms in the market conducted on the basis of efficiency and growth such as labor and financial reform and privatization. It is also seen that the idea of economic theory is dominant and guided by neoliberalism which encourages the growth of private enterprises and the operation of the free market forces (Finnegan, 2016). The instability in the economy around the world is due to government intervention and regulation of the economy. Government should try to defend and create the market and all other activities must be in the hands of the private company. The neoliberal policies depend on the general theory of equilibrium. The sellers and the buyers in a market try to produce unique products at an affordable price which helps to balance the demand and supply of the goods and services that are used in the production. Moreover, the neoliberal policies must try to integrate the national economy into the global economy to allow the free flow of varied goods and services. The neoliberal policies also lay faith on the unregulated market (Wilson, 2015). The neoliberal economic policy has also increased the risk associated with economic growth and increased inequality. Many neo-liberal policies have increased inequality in the economy instead of generating growth. Trade liberalization has lifted many individuals out of poverty in most of the developed countries of the world. Moreover, privatization has also increased the efficiency in various platforms. Certain benefits can be seen in various developed countries in terms of rising growth and thus it is not seen if it includes a wide range of countries. The cost which is measured in terms of rising inequality is justifiable. The expansion of trade across the world has helped many people to come out of poverty. Foreign direct investment has helped to transfer the technology to the developing countries in the world. The privatization of the state owned enterprises has also led to the efficient allocation of the services and lowered the burden on the government (Akkermans, 2017). Neo-liberalism in the education policy is one of the major characteristics of a capitalistic society. This has led to the introduction of education through training and has helped in changing the fund regime. The various policies of globalization and the reforms in higher education suggest new political, cultural and economic dimensions. Neoliberalism as an ideology, philosophy and guide has a good reputation in removing the evils of globalization. The proponents of neo-liberal laissez faire argues that a greater degree of political and economic freedom in varied forms of democracy and capitalism in the developed countries of the world always produces high amount of material wealth in the economy. The World Bank and the IMF were not in business when there were promotions of neo-liberal policies. But after 1980s both these organizations became famous in promoting market liberalizing reforms in the economy (Lipman, 2013). Literature Review According to Dean (2014), the concept of neo-liberalism is thought collective and it focuses on the organization. Neo-liberalism is a political philosophy, local assemblage or rationality and it will become an uneven process of regulatory or governmental development in the future. Connell Dados (2014) predicted that neoliberalism is an idea which is circulated through the network of intellectuals or by an economic system which gives rise to profitability in capitalism. The role of the state, the expansion of trade, agriculture and transformation of the rural society are the major issues of neoliberalism. Constantine, Reissla Stockhammer(2016) opined that neoliberal economic policies played an important role in times of global financial crisis and the debt crisis of Europe. They identified certain key features such of neo-liberalism such as financialisation, globalization and the increasing inequality among the people. According to Flew (2014), neoliberalism is defined in terms of political ideology and it is associated with economic globalization and financial capitalism. It is such a theory which involves political economic practices and suggests that the well-being of an individual can be generated by giving institutional freedom and skills within the framework of an institution. These are characterized by free trade, free market and strong property rights. Baker (2015) opined that neoliberalism is a political ideology and it is a way through which the economic and the land policy can be preserved with regard to agricultural production in the world economy. The most vital tenant of neoliberalism is the belief that opens a competitive and unregulated market which is derived from all types of state interference and thus it represents an optimal mechanism for the development of the economy. According to Glenna, Shortall Brandl (2015), neoliberalism is a term which is used mostly in academic research and it difficult to define the term. It is often considered as a mythical construct which is of varied origin. They also opined that it is a global phenomenon and there is no evidence that it will not be considered as homogenous. According to Babb Kentikelenis (2017), IMF requires certain measures such as reduction of fiscal policy or money supply for emergency loans. Both the World Bank and the IMF were famous because they used conditionality for promoting trade and liberalizing the market policies. They also suggested that in such a circumstance the IMF must co-operate with the World Bank for regional development and assistance from the government. The role of IMF in the financial crisis needs greater security in such aspect. In such a case, the World Bank targeted its lending program which will benefit the poor. According to Streeck (2013), public debt in the capitalist and democratic economy is accompanied by a slow economic growth, rise in the tax resistance, slow political participation and a steep rise in the unemployment. The consolidated efforts are under the pressure of the financial market and this has led to the decline in the investment expenditure and privatization of some of the state owned functions. Payne (2014) highlighted that the G20 Summit created a global crisis in the economy and it is very critical to assess its impact on the member countries. According to Farnsworth Irving (2017), one of the biggest challenge of neo-liberalism is the emerging crisis which was brought into question. They stated that the idea that the economics would be competitive and stronger and the corporations will be more entrepreneurial and profitable if the government allows to do so. Bond et al., (2015) stated that the global crisis affected the economy of the country. The economies export various types of processed products, basic raw materials and a lso suffer from the shortage of various kinds of natural resources. They cannot rely on the shock absorbers which are unfavorable in an international context. They are emaciated by the political conditions which were imposed due to neoliberalism and thus it eliminated the other countermeasures which were implemented by global polarization earlier. Further, they also opined that neoliberal globalization may be referred to as the major cause of this backdrop. It has helped to strengthen the food security system, strengthen the agro-business and destroy the peasantry system. According to Hopewell (2015), people in the civil society engage themselves in the field of multilateral trade governance. The initial strategies adopted by them include criticism of the neo-liberal agenda which was not recognized as the valid form. This has resulted to a wide discrimination and ignorance. The knowledge and position of these people related to the principle of neo-liberalism has deprived the civil s ociety and the right of the people to speak and raise their voice. Critical evaluation of neoliberalism Neoliberalism can be stated as complex phenomena which seeks state intervention and this is important for the optimal mechanism which is vital for the economic development of the country. It can be said as the ongoing specific process that evolves through collisions in different forms and in varied landscapes. Neoliberal globalization is a way which can be captured by reorganizing the production process and the consumption of varied products of the economy with the emergence of a universal network. This will also provide the political and theoretical tools that has facilitated and tried to reduce the intervention of the state run economy along with the regulation of production processes. The neo-liberal policy which was present on the higher education system in Australia also suggest that the policy reforms must be changes and a wider perspective of economic and political imperative must be implemented. It is seen that both the IMF and the World Bank are facing pressure from various countries in the world and the emerging government (Wilson, 2015). In such a case both the organizations must end the dispute and come into an agreement. Moreover, the global investors have engaged themselves in the profit making opportunities and thus have placed themselves in the emerging market economy. It is vital in some aspect to find the connection between the worldwide development and the global elite through the process of neoliberalism. The free trade standard which was implemented by the WTO allowed export specialization in many economies of the world and helped to convert the net purchases of the essential daily products. In many societies, the technical experts have made a parallel shift in their effort to gain legitimacy, symbolic capital and remove exclusion from this field. The neo-liberal trade paradigm and market liberalization are the important means to pursue environmental, developmental and other important objectives. Recent current examples of neo-liberalism affecting international business In USA, the socialists are creating an alliance across the dogmatic scale against neoliberalism. It is useful to analyze and think about neoliberalism in the era of Trump. It is seen that Trump has encountered the neoliberal consensus. Neoliberalisms supports the movement of the goods and the people freely across the political borders. Trump has also announced that the consideration of human rights is inconsequential according to the foreign policies of the state (Saving neoliberalism in the age of Trump, 2017). Moreover, in Germany the crisis of conservatism collided with the catastrophe of neoliberalisation at the time of 2008 financial crisis. The German government accepted the budget deficit to boost up the economy and offset the fall in the demand. The government thus, increased its spending (Between Capital and Volk, 2017). Conclusion It can be said that neo-liberalism and globalization are inter-related and this has affected international business to a large extent. The free movement of capital goods is one of the important aspect of open market which was advocated and supported by the neo-liberals. The emergence of the industrialized power in the globalized world has led to the emergence of neoliberal ideas. Moreover, neoliberalism also encourages individual freedom as the fundamental criteria. The notion of free trade among the various nations has made the policies related to exchange, production and consumption easier. There is no restrictions such as tariffs and trade barriers. It also supports privatization of the resources under individual responsibility. The government programs has decreased and thus it has provided a safety net to the individuals leading to increase in the policies and agreements of the people. Neoliberalism also helps to define the policies which were adopted by the WTO and the IMF. It s upports the multilateral pressure of the political parties through various international organizations. It can also be said that neoliberalism is associated with the welfare reform and the promotion of free trade in US. It justifies that the idea of free state, free market and the unrestricted movement and flow of capital helps to produce political, economic and social goods. In some of the western state, it is seen that neo-liberal ideas must not be encouraged or there should be privatization. Thus, it can be concluded that neo-liberalism encourages the political and economic interdependence and this will lead to progress and removal of barriers between the countries. References Akkermans, D. H. (2017). Net profit flow per country from 1980 to 2009: The long-term effects of foreign direct investment.PLoS One,12(6), e0179244. Babb, S. L., Kentikelenis, A. E. (2017). International financial institutions as agents of neoliberalism.The SAGE handbook of neoliberalism. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Baker, C. (2015, November). From nation-building to neoliberalism: Agriculture, change and the social imaginary in Australia. InRefereed Proceedings of TASA 2015 Conference(p. 180). Between Capital and Volk. (2017).jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017, from https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/06/germany-afd-cdu-immigrants-merkel-xenophobia-neoliberalism Bond, P., Luce, M., Fontes, V., Panitch, L. (2015). BRICS, the G20 and American Empire Claudio Katz: Capitalist mutations in emerging, intermediate and peripheral neoliberalism.An Anti-Capitalist Critique, 14. Connell, R., Dados, N. (2014). Where in the world does neoliberalism come from?.Theory and Society,43(2), 117-138. Constantine, C., Reissl, S., Stockhammer, E. (2016). Neoliberalism, trade imbalances and economic policy in the Eurozone crisis. Dean, M. (2014). Rethinking neoliberalism.Journal of Sociology,50(2), 150-163. Farnsworth, K., Irving, Z. (2017). The limits of neoliberalism? Austerity versus social policy in comparative perspective.Alternatives to Neoliberalism: Towards Equality and Democracy, 101. Finnegan, F. (2016). The Future is Unwritten: Democratic adult education against and beyond neoliberalism.Adult Learner (0790-8040). Glenna, L., Shortall, S., Brandl, B. (2015). Neoliberalism, the university, public goods and agricultural innovation.Sociologia ruralis,55(4), 438-459. Hopewell, K. (2015). Multilateral trade governance as social field: Global civil society and the WTO.Review of International Political Economy,22(6), 1128-1158. Joseph, J. (2013). Resilience as embedded neoliberalism: a governmentality approach.Resilience,1(1), 38-52. Lipman, P. (2013).The new political economy of urban education: Neoliberalism, race, and the right to the city. Taylor Francis. Payne, A. (2014). Steering into the Great Uncertainity: The G20 as Global Governance.Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy,2(3). Saving neoliberalism in the age of Trump. (2017).washingtonexaminer.com. Retrieved 25 July 2017, from https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/saving-neoliberalism-in-the-age-of-trump/article/2629332. Streeck, W. (2014). The politics of public debt: Neoliberalism, capitalist development and the restructuring of the state.German Economic Review,15(1), 143-165. Wilson, K. (2015). Towards a Radical Reappropriation: Gender, Development and Neoliberal Feminism.Development and Change,46(4), 803-832.

Alexis Sanchez Essays

Alexis Sanchez Essays Alexis Sanchez Essay Alexis Sanchez Essay Alexis Alejandro Sanchez Sanchez (born on December 19, 1988 in Tocopilla, Chile) is a Chilean football player, who plays as a winger or forward. He is known as El Nino Maravilla (the Wonder Boy). Alexis was named by World Soccer Magazine as one of the 50 most exciting teenagers in the world game. He began his professional career with the Chilean club Cobreloa. He played one season there before being signed by the Serie A team, Udinese. Udinese had to pay nearly $3 million for his signature. Colo-Colo then paid Udinese nearly $150,000 for his services in the upcoming Clausura tournament and the following Apertura tournament in the Liga Chilena. He scored his first goal with Colo-Colo in the Copa Sudamericana 2006 against the Liga Deportiva Alajuelense on October 10, 2006 in David Arellano Stadium. On March 12th 2007 Sanchez hurt his toe and there were major fears that Sanchezs career may be over. On March 20th 2007, Sanchez made a miraculous recovery from his bad toe and scored a hat-trick in a Copa Libertadores group match versus Caracas. On August 15th 2007, he was signed to River Plate on loan. [1] Udinese has Alexis Sanchez valued at 20 million euros. [2] On June 18th 2008 newspaper reports were published linking Sanchez to a move to Manchester United FC. Sanchez the Wonder Boy is dubbed the next Cristiano Ronaldo. International At the young age of seventeen, Sanchez has played for the Chilean National team on several different occasions. He debuted when the international team took on Universidad Catolica. He played in a friendly game against New Zealand in Chile. Prior to the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, the Chilean National Team went on a tour in Europe playing three friendlies. They played Ireland, Cote dIvoire, and Sweden. Sanchez played significant minutes in all three games impressing scouts. Despite only scoring one goal in the 2007 South American Youth Championship, Sanchez proved to be a vital part of the Chilean national team that went on to qualify for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. During the tournament Sanchez had numerous chances and created opportunities for others. However the U-20 World Cup and the Copa America 2007 are both taking place in the same month with both teams needing his services. Titles Season Club Title Clausura 2006 Colo-Colo Primera Division Chile Champion Apertura 2007 Colo-Colo Primera Division Chile Champion Clausura 2008 River Plate Argentine Primera

The Age of Reason - Review and Summary

The Age of Reason - Review and Summary The Bottom Line If The Age of Reasons creates controversy today, imagine what readers must have thought at the time the work first appeared! Still, the work was a bestseller in America, and an important representative work from the time period. Pros Presented in a clear, straightforward style (accessible)Drawn from intellectual masters: Voltaire, Hume Spinoza (along w/other influences) Cons Mocks/ridicules religiosity (may be offensive to some readers) Description A deistic pamphletWritten by 18th-century British radical, Thomas PainePublished in 3 partsin 1794, 1795 1804 Guide Review - The Age of Reason Summary Thomas Paine is often associated with the American Revolution, because of his pamphlets; but The Age of Reason is still controversial (and has been banned) for its criticism of established religion and its challenge to the Bible. After reading The Age of Reason in 1757, Benjamin Franklin famously wrote: I would advise you... not to attempt unchaining the Tyger, but to burn this Piece before it is seen by any other Person, whereby you will save yourself a great deal of Mortification from the Enemies it may raise against you, and perhaps a good deal of Regret and Repentance. If Men are so wicked as we now see them with Religion what would they be if without it? Despite the controversy (and the many irate responses) that the pamphlet inspired, The Age of Reasons was a popular in Americathe work struck a chord. It appears to have inspired deep-rooted passionsit brought punishment and imprisonment to those associated with the early publishing history. Study Guide SummaryThe Age of Reason QuotesThe Age of Reason Questions for Study and DiscussionA Letter to a Friend Regarding The Age of Reason

What are the arguments for and against focussing on skilled migration Essay

What are the arguments for and against focussing on skilled migration In answering this, specify who are the winners and losers What are the limitations of the Governments skilled immigration policy - Essay Example In 2005 for example, remittances figured $223 billion which was more than twice the rank of international aid. Public perceptions of migration and migrants play a major role in determining policy choices available to governments. The share of migrants in the global population may not be as high but its presence and visibility in terms of social, economic and political terms is felt. Migrants flow have shifted greatly in recent years with changing poles of attraction for labour migration for instance Asians find job opportunities within Asia while the Latin Americans are moving to Europe. There is a high labour participation in Europe, US and Australia. This shows that economic incentives remain high for migration to these market economies. UN confirms significant contribution of migration to population growth in Australia, US and some European countries. Immigration has been a difficult subject to government officials. This is because it raises moral choices about whom to let in the country, for how long and by what means. According to Levi (1999, p. 675) regulating entry means deporting or excluding people whose aim is to earn a living. The limitations of the government policy include one, it is impossible to influence the number of nationals entering the country it can only regulate them from accessing legal employment. Some of the nationals restricted include the Romanians and Bulgarians. The other limitation of the policy is that policy put towards asylum refugees and dependants of British system is greatly determined by considering human rights. These rights in clude rights to freedom from persecution and the right to family reunion. Consideration of these rights is beyond the governments limit though they can be modified. It is also impossible for a nation to control immigration and employment of migrants. This is because most come as visitors but overstay. Governments are therefore unable to regulate all

Is a college education worth it Pro thesis paper - 1

Is a college education worth it Pro paper - Thesis Example ses required for gaining sufficient educational background, benefits of college education beat financial difficulties that should be overcome in order to profit. College education allows making life more comfortable, successful and prosperous which is explained by directly proportional correlation of taken time/ trouble and further well-being. As a proof, comparing people who start working at once after school graduation and those ones who spend additional four years for gaining qualifications Baum, Ma and Payea investigated the following: â€Å"As workers age, earnings rise more rapidly for those with higher levels of education. For example, the gap between the earnings of full-time workers whose highest degree is bachelor’s degree and those of high school graduates grows from 54% ($15,200) for 25 - to 29-year-olds to 86% ($32,000) for 45- to 49-year-olds†(5). Entering a college, students obtain skills and abilities required to that area which is chosen for their future professions what makes them more appealing to the employers and what makes them more competitive in comparison with those who missed college education. Besides the qualification itself, students are learning to make researches, to work on improvement of those basics that they are proposed, to challenge common believes, to introduce their knowledge to real life. Even though someone may contradict that there is also such a thing like self-education that does not suppose being officially a student in some college, unfortunately, statistics can prove that self study carries to success only in exceptional cases. Making a decision on the necessity of entering the college it is not enough to be ruled by self-interest because willing to live in a better society, it is everyone’s obligation to make a contribution to that. According to the research of Baum and Payea, â€Å"in addition to increasing material standards of living, reduced poverty improves the overall well-being of the population. †¦ In

E-business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

E-business management - Essay Example It is a process of obtaining as well as assessing evidence of economic activities and actions to determine the variations in the results which are later communicated to the concerned parties (Raffa 2003, P. 2). A company audits may include financial, use of information and communication technology, compliance and operational audits (Raffa 2003, P. 2). The auditors use the available data and records, collect data prom the concerned parties and analysis it into a report that is disseminated to the internal and external customers. This paper will evaluate Marchi indo-pak cuisine and propose to conduct an audit of their operations in relation to e-business management. Introduction Mirchi indo-pak cuisine This is a family business located in Cardiff and provides traditional south Asian cuisine using locally available food products as well as conventional Indian methods to prepare delicious traditional foods (Mirchi 2008). They provide different menus which are custom made to suit individu al customer preferences, family parties and outside catering services. Their vision is to provide simple, traditional and high quality foods as well as homely services to their customers (Mirchi 2008) E-business management E-business is a business practice that allows use of internet and other modern communication equipments as the major platform of business communication and conducting business. Due to expansion in globalization, access and use of internet across the globe, most companies are shifting from the traditional mode of doing business into internet based business models. Mirchi indo-pak Cuisine is a Company that have established its presence online and conducting business online. The company aims at targeting customers who spend most of their time online and understand the convenience of dong business online. However there is need to evaluate the e-business processes to determine their effectiveness and recommend changes in order to efficiently tap this market segment. E- business operational audit is the proposed service to Mirchi indo-pak cuisine to evaluate and validate the organizational online process and the effectives of the process n relation to the information and communication structures (Brewster n.d., P 30). This process will assist in ensuring effective systems are in use, assist the company to understand consumers and potential customers needs and expectations, acts as an channel of communication with the customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders, the process will also help to boost customer trust in regard to products offered as well help to increase the shareholders trust on the company management and employees (Brewster n.d., P 19). The process will involve evaluating the current processes used in their e-business through a telephone interview with the IT manager by asking him or her interview questions that relate to the company. The research findings will be interpreted by relating the answers given and the tone in the manag er’s voice (Onwuegbuzie Leech and Collins 2010, P 699). Telephone interview and analysis of the data will be used to evaluate their current status in order to give recommendations for changes that will help boost their effectiveness. Part 1B – The Audit report For a company’s management to understand if their company is operating as expected and to improve their operational practices an organization can opt to edit their processes for the whole

Green Synthesis of o-Phenyl-benzothiazole

Green Synthesis of o-Phenyl-benzothiazole Green Condensation of o-Aminothiophenol to o-Phenyl-benzothiazole David Fairchild, Alex Irion, Dominic Russo, Luke Sanders Abstract Herein we describe a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly synthesis of o-arylbenzothiazoles, such as o-phenyl-benzothiazole, under standard ambient temperature and pressure via reaction of o-aminothiophenols with aromatic aldehydes using glycerol as a solvent. The combined characteristics of glycerol allow it to act as both a green and biodegradable solvent, but its high polarity also catalyzes the reaction between various o-aminothiophenols and aromatic aldehydes, hence replacing the need for expensive, and often environmentally hazardous, solvents or catalysts. Land management Water conservation clean-up Green Condensation of o-Aminothiophenol to o-Phenyl-benzothiazole Problem Numerous o-arylbenzothiazoles can be found in a variety of biologically occurring compounds, and they are becoming an increasingly important family of antitumor agents (Kashiyama E et al., 1999)1; moreover, these compounds exhibit biological activity as antituberculosis agents and antiparasitics (Yamamoto K et al., 1998)2, but also serve as useful imaging agents for ÃŽ ²-amyloid (Lee BC et al., 2011)3. Traditionally, most o-arylbenzothiazoles are synthesized by either arylation of benzothiazole with aryl bromides and catalyzed by palladium (II) acetate, copper (I) bromide, or tri-tert-butylphosphine (Vattoly J. Majo, Jaya Prabhakaran, J.John Mann, J.S. Dileep Kumar, 2003)4 or via condensation of o-aminothiophenols by varying functional groups with a number of different catalysts including: trimethylsilyl chloride (S. V. Ryabukhin, A. S. Plaskon, D. M. Volochnyuk, A. A. Tolmachev, 2006)5, manganese (II) oxide (Cecilia D. Wilfred Richard J. K. Taylor, 2004)6, or 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazo-lium bromide (Brindaban C. Ranu, Ranjan Jana, Suvendu S. Dey, 2004)7. Nevertheless, there have been several recent and more environmentally friendly procedures for synthesizing o-arylbenzothiazoles, such as with a mixture of sulfuric acid and silicon dioxide to act as a catalyst (Behrooz Maleki et al., 2010)8, or with p-toluenesulfonic acid in water (Najmedin AziziAlireza et al., 2009)9; however, m any of these recent discoveries require high temperatures, lengthy reaction times, and sometimes result in relatively low yield. In addition, many of the catalysts employed in the traditional reactions are both economically and environmentally costly, thus often resulting in serious environmental pollution, which may affect important waterways for many ecological systems. An important tenet of green chemistry is the minimal use of auxiliary substances and the use of innocuous solvents whenever possible; solvents play a major role in the environmental performance of chemical processes, but also impact cost, safety, and operational health. Thus, the purpose behind green solvents expresses the goal to minimize the environmental impact resulting from the use of solvents in chemical procedures; hence, many of these solvents exhibit similar properties, including: low volatility, low cost, high reusability, low toxicity, low flammability, and high solvation power for both inorganic and organic compounds. Glycerol is one such compound that has recently garnered much attention as a result of these aforementioned qualities since it combines many of the characteristics of water with many of the benefits of ionic liquids. We have therefore chosen this project because the field of green chemistry is an ever-growing and an ever-more-important subfield of chemistry, and because a better and more efficient synthesis of o-phenylbenzothiazole and other o-arylbenzothiazoles will have practical applications toward minimizing potential environmental waste from the preparation of an increasingly important research pharmaceutical. Hypothesis If glycerols high polarity and solvation ability were able to act as a functional group on aromatic aldehydes, then o-phenylbenzothiazole could be produced by simple condensation of o-aminothiophenol. Experimentation Due to the limited availability of many of the basic reagents required for this experiment, we plan on first synthesizing many of the preparatory reagents on a micro scale; these chemicals are more easily available in bulk, and, hence, the following procedures would be unnecessary in practice. The following preparations include: Preparation of Nitrobenzene by Mixed Acid Nitration of Benzene Nitrobenzene is produced by simple nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid acting as catalysts. A 500 ml flask is charged with a stir bar and 8 ml of concentrated 98% sulfuric acid and 84.013 ml of concentrated 90% nitric acid is added slowly (note 1). Once the solution of acids cools, 182.687 ml of benzene is slowly added to the flask (note 2). Once all the benzene is added, the contents of the flask are poured into an appropriate separatory funnel and the bottom aqueous layer is discarded. The crude nitrobenzene is then washed with 40ml of distilled water three times to remove excess acids; once complete, an appropriate round bottom flask (RBF) is charged with the bottom layer (crude nitrobenzene), and the top layer is discarded. A simple distillation of the crude nitrobenzene is performed collecting the fraction between 207Â ° C and 211Â ° C. This distillate is then dried with calcium chloride, and filtered off for future use yielding approximately 170.37 ml of pure nitrobenzene (~83% theoretical yield based on nitric acid). Preparation of Aniline by Reduction of Nitrobenzene Aniline is synthesized by a modified procedure outlined in Vogel (5, p. 892)10. 178.065 g of tin powder,140 ml of distilled water, and 564.972 ml of 38% hydrochloric acid are charged into a two-way 1 L RBF along with a suitable stir bar. A thermometer and a pressure-equalizing additional funnel with 102.636ml of the previously prepared nitrobenzene are clamped to the RBF. The RBF is placed on a hot plate and slowly heated and stirred while nitrobenzene is slowly added (note 3); upon completion, the solution is set up for reflux for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 39.997 g of sodium hydroxide are added, and the solution is set up for steam distillation. The collected distillate from the previous steam distillation is placed in a suitable separatory funnel, where it is washed with a saturated brine solution. The top layer of aniline is then placed in another suitable RBF and setup for simple distillation; this distillation is carried out until the temperature reaches 130Â ° C. The collected distillate is then redistilled with the fraction between 180Â ° C and 184Â ° C collected (note 4). The final distillate of 90.336 ml (~97% yield based on nitrobenzene) is then poured into a suitable container for storage and future use. Preparation of Acetanilide Acetanilide is prepared by simple acetylation of the previously prepared aniline with acetic anhydride. 77.479 ml of the previously prepared aniline are charged into a 250 ml RBF, and 20 ml of water are added with an additional 2 ml of 38% hydrochloric acid so that the previous two layers mix; a stir bar is also charged in the flask. The solution of aniline hydrochloride is gently heated while stirring is begun. A mixture of 80.200 ml of acetic anhydride are added and 4.5 g of sodium acetate is quickly added all at once. Heat is removed, while vigorous stirring is maintained. The white acetalanilide precipitate is then vacuum-filtered off and then washed with cold water, yielding approximately110.96 g of product with a m.p. between 112Â ° C to 115Â ° C. Preparation and Separation of o-Nitroaniline from Acetanilide o-Nitroaniline is prepared by a slightly modified mixed acid nitration of acetanilide. 100g of the previously prepared dry acetanilide is charged into a two-neck 100 ml RBF along with a suitable stir bar. This set up is placed over a magnetic stirrer (note 5), and a pressure-equalizing addition funnel containing 31.079 ml of 90% nitric acid, 2 ml of 98% sulfuric acid (note 6), and a thermometer are clamped to the RBF. The mixed acids are then slowly added drop-wise in 2 ml portions every ten minutes to allow for adequate cooling of the reaction. Once the acid addition is complete, the addition funnel is removed, and 15 ml of ice water are added, heated to reflux allowing the nitroacetanilides to hydrolyze. After approximately 15 to 20 minutes, the reaction is allowed to cool; once cooled, an equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide (based on acetanilide) is very slowly added to the RBF. The crude mixture nitroacetanilides is then filtered off and dried. This crude product is recrystallized from hot ethanol, thus allowing the p- and o- isomer to separate. The crystals are filtered off and stored for later use, however, the filtrate, which predominately contains o-nitroaniline, is set up for column chromatography with methylene chloride for further purification. Afterwards, the methylene chloride is allowed to evaporate off, yielding approximately 35.621 g of o-nitroaniline with a m.p. between 69Â ° C and 75 Â ° C. Preparation of o-Chloronitrobenzene from o-Nitroaniline Hartman and Brethen (1923)11 found that m-chloronitrobenzene can be synthesized by formation of the diazonium salt from m-nitroaniline. Based on their procedure, o-chloronitrobenzene is similarly synthesized from the previously prepared o-nitroaniline. A 500ml RBF is charged with 15 g of o-nitroaniline and with an equimolar amount of 38% hydrochloric acid, along with an additional 250 ml of hot water, a stir bar, and an additional equimolar amount of hydrochloric acid, and this set up is then placed over a magnetic stirrer. The entire mixture is cooled, and 20 g of sodium nitrite are added slowly with heavy stirring; once this addition is complete, the solution is filtered to remove any amorphous solids. A suitable two-neck RBF is charged with a mixture containing 14.251 g of cuprous chloride in 38% hydrochloric acid; a thermometer and powder addition funnel containing the previously prepared o-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride are clamped to the flask. o-Nitrobenzenediazonium chloride then is very slowly added to the flask over a period of one hour. After this addition is complete, the mixture is set up for reflux until nitrogen stops evolving from the flask, after which the solution is set up for simple steam distillation until no more o-chloronitrobenzene comes over. The distillate is cooled to allow the o-chloronitrobenzene to crystallize; this crude distillate is washed with sodium hydroxide and then with cold water, resulting in approximately 29 g of o-chloronitrobenzene (~62% theoretical yield based on o-nitroaniline). Synthesis of o-Aminothiophenol by Sulfunation of o-Chloronitrobenzene o-Aminothiophenol is synthesized by a modified procedure outlined in US Patent No. 3931321 (1976)12. 10 g of the previously prepared o-chloronitrobenzene with 80 ml of water are charged into a 250 ml RBF. Paraffin oil is used instead of the special emulsion polymerizer outlined in the original patent; the mixture is strongly stirred, and an addition funnel containing solution 15.022 g of sodium sulfide and an equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide is clamped to the flask; the solution is added slowly over 10 minute intervals with periods of cooling in between. The mixture is heated between 100Â ° C and 110Â ° C for approximately two hours. The product is set up for steam distillation until a clear distillate comes over. To this clear distillate, .5 g of activated carbon is added, and the mixture is washed with cold toluene; for further work up, the product is then washed 38% hydrochloric acid until the pH is adjusted to six, and the mixture is poured into a separatory funnel from which the bottom aqueous layer is removed. Excess toluene is then removed by simple distillation, and this distillate is allowed to cool. Approximately 5.461 g of o-aminothiophenol crystallizes (~78.37% yield based on o-chloronitrobenzene) with a m.p. between 22Â ° C and 25Â ° C. Synthesis of Benzaldehyde by Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Benzaldehyde is synthesized by simple oxidation of benzyl alcohol. A two neck 500 mL RBF is setup with a ring stand and wire mesh pad. A Bunsen burner is then placed below the apparatus, and the RBF is charged with an appropriate stir bar and 103.5 g of sodium persulfate dissolved in a minimum quantity of water. A pressure-equalizing funnel containing 30 ml of benzyl alcohol and a reflux condenser are clamped to the flask. This set up is then heated to reflux while benzyl alcohol is slowly added drip-wise; once all the benzyl alcohol is completely added, the Bunsen burner is extinguished, and replaced with a magnetic stirrer until the solution cools down. Upon cooling, the RBF is setup for steam distillation. The distillate is then poured into a separatory funnel, and the bottom crude benzaldehyde is separated out; this crude product is then dried over magnesium sulfate. Once dried, the benzaldehyde is placed in a suitable RBF and fractionally distilled under vacuum at approximately .109 atm; the fraction between 91Â ° C and 93Â ° C is collected, leaving 19.35 ml of pure benzaldehyde (~65% theoretical yield based on benzyl alcohol). Synthesis of o-Phenyl-benzothiazole from o-Aminothiophenol and Benzaldehyde 2 g of the previously prepared o-aminothiophenol and 1.695 g of benzaldehyde are charged into a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask with 15 ml of glycerol. The reaction is heated for one hour. Afterwards, water is added until precipitate no longer fell out of solution; the precipitate is purified via recrystallization in hot ethanol, thus resulting in 3.034 g of o-phenyl-benzothiazole with a m.p. between 112Â ° C and 114Â ° C. Works Cited Kashiyama E1, Hutchinson I, Chua MS, Stinson SF, Phillips LR, Kaur G, Sausville EA, Bradshaw TD, Westwell AD, Stevens MF. (1999, Oct 7). Antitumor benzothiazoles. 8. Synthesis, metabolic formation, and biological properties of the C- and N-oxidation products of antitumor 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514287 Yamamoto K1, Fujita M, Tabashi K, Kawashima Y, Kato E, Oya M, Iso T, Iwao J. (1988, May 31). Novel calcium antagonists. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of benzothiazoline derivatives. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3361580 Lee BC1, Kim JS, Kim BS, Son JY, Hong SK, Park HS, Moon BS, Jung JH, Jeong JM, Kim SE. (2011, May 1). Aromatic radiofluorination and biological evaluation of 2-aryl-6- [18F]fluorobenzothiazoles as a potential positron emission tomography imaging probe for ÃŽ ²-amyloid plaques. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21478020 Vattoly J. Majo, Jaya Prabhakaran, J.John Mann, J.S. Dileep Kumar (2003, November 17). An efficient palladium catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004040390302272X S. V. Ryabukhin, A. S. Plaskon, D. M. Volochnyuk, A. A. Tolmachev (2006). Synthesis of Fused Imidazoles and Benzothiazoles from (Hetero)Aromatic ortho-Diamines or ortho- Aminothiophenol and Aldehydes Promoted by Chlorotrimethylsilane. Retrieved from http://www.organic-chemistry.org/abstracts/lit1/493.shtm Cecilia D. Wilfred Richard J. K. Taylor (2004, December 3) Tandem oxidation processes for t he preparation of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Retrieved from http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2004/OB/b315689c#!divAbstract Brindaban C. Ranu, Ranjan Jana, Suvendu S. Dey (2004, February 2). An Efficient and Green Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles in an Ionic Liquid, [pmIm]Br under Microwave Irradiation. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cl/33/3/33_3_274/_article Maleki B, Salehabadi H, Moghaddam MK (2010, September 5). Room-Temperature Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles using Sulfuric Acid Immobilized on Silica as a Reusable Catalyst under Heterogeneous Condition. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24061824 Najmedin Azizi, Alireza Khajeh Amiri, Roya Baghi, Mohammad Bolourtchian, Mohammad M. Hashemi (2009, July 21). PTSA catalyzed simple and green synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives in water. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00706- 009-0209-4 A.I. Vogel, A.R. Tatchell, B.S. Furnis, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith (1996). Vogels Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall W. W. Hartman M. R. Brethen (1923). Organic Syntheses (3rd ed.). Planker, Siegfried Baessler, Konrad (1976) US Patent No. 3931321 Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Equine Nutrition :: Biology Anatomy Horse Essays

The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, large and small colons, rectum and anus. The horse’s stomach is comparatively small for its size. The stomach of an average horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small but frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum; along with the large colon; make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The energy content found in feeds and how it is measured in Kilocalories (kcal). (arg.gov.sk.ca) which is also the measure used for calories in human consumption. Equine energy intake is measured in megacalories (Mcal) which are equal to 1000 calories. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The total energy in feed is called gross energy. The amount of the feed's gross energy that is used by the horse is called Digestible Energy or DE. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is also a measure of feed content energy, it is reported in percentages and converts between calories and weight. (arg.gov.sk.ca) Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of dietary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et. all. investigated the result of supplementing the diet of endurance horses with fructose rather than glucose. They â€Å"conclude that fructose is well-absorbed by horses and rapidly converted to glucose.† An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in moderate physical condition is described as â€Å"Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.† (Henneke et al., 1981) Protein is necessary in a horse’s diet as they can not produce the amino acid lysine and must be supply it in their feed. The horse’s protein requirements vary depending on age and function. Young horses needing more as they are still developing tissues made of protein.

Morality and Monkey Essay

Monkey is created by the author as an individual entity that resembles the characteristic of an ordinary human being. It is quite obvious that the audience would better understand the idea hidden in the literature if the characteristics of the protagonist are closely related to those of the reader. In Monkey , the author carefully parallels the traits of Monkey to the lives of human beings. Then why does the author portray so much resemblance between Monkey and human? The author’s approach in attracting the audience by using symbolism successfully accomplishes the intention in the novel. All humans feel a need, a hunger for the things that benefit their way of living. Monkey easily symbolizes many ordinary humans in this world. Monkey’s life represents a journey that reflects the lives of most human beings. From the beginning of the novel,Monkey expresses hunger that is overpowered by greed. Similar to human beings,Monkey first seeks knowledge, then power, and finally enlightenment. Monkey’s arrogance brought by greed is displayed when he proclaims, â€Å"why do you not bow down to me as your king? † . Monkey’s desire to acquire more than the apparent limit is more understandable to the audience, because human beings are able to empathize with this greed felt by Monkey. All people fight with human nature to alter the natural phenomenon that occurs in life. In comparison, Monkey struggles to alter nature by demanding immortality. Human beings struggle to change nature in order to achieve higher status in society or personal satisfaction. Monkey seeks immortality to prevent nature from taking its course so that he may be able to rule his kingdom forever. Readers are able to better understand Monkey’s adventure to find the impossible in life. Man looks for opportunities to expand his potentials just as Monkey strives to increase his powers. During the course of life, there are obstacles that hinder the path to acquiring the impossible powers. The forces of good and evil goes up against each other throughout the novel. The tension between good and evil comes natural throughout the book just as human beings experience hardship in everyday lives. Another similarity portrayed between Monkey’s world and human civilization are the values and the customs they hold. Chinese moral.

The Difference Between Truck Drivers and Professional Truckers

The Difference Between Truck Drivers and Professional Truckers Expert TruckerMike over at the TruckingTruth has some advice for aspiring drivers- step up your game!  Anybody who can afford a rig can call themselves a trucker, but there are specialized skills that only the professionals can really boast. It’s all about the  driving. Can you back your truck into a space invisible to the naked eye? Can you handle city driving, highway traffic, and the range of capable and hapless drivers you’ll encounter along the way? They won’t all be polite, and they won’t all be respectful, but you’ll have to hand the stress with aplomb and professionalism.According to TruckerMike, being a â€Å"professional driver† is all about control- the truck is only the vehicle he’s using at the time. So whether you’re behind the wheel of a passenger van or an 18 wheeler, let go of the egotistical idea that you have anything to prove by speeding, cutting someone off, yammering on your radio, or tailgating. Instea d, learn how to keep your cool. The right response to someone else’s road aggression is slowing down, letting the neighboring hothead pass, and maintaining a safe driving distance.Any driver can have a bad day- sure, you might lose your temper or make a reckless driving decision- but a true professional knows not to try to enforce the safe driving of others and not to view himself as the road mayor of the traffic’s flow or density.

Free Essays on Arthur Ashe Jr.

Arthur Robert Ashe Jr. is a man of trust, courage, grace and honor. Although many of these attriobutes I share with Arthur, his high level of moral values and self reliance I aspire to achieve. Arthur was of African American decent and being born on July 10, 1943 in Richmond, Virginia he had to face many racial struggles and hardships. On the contrary, I was born and raised in somerset, New Jersey, in the 1990’s so my racial struggles were close to non-existent. Being of Italian- American decent, if I had lived in the time of Arthur Ashe I still would not have faced racial struggles as greatly as African Americans did in that time. Arthur was the first born just as I was, except he was the first and only while I on the other hand have three siblings. We were both born into extremely loving and caring families. Arthur was raised by extremely strict parents and was not even allowed to go out after school or hang out with friends as I do occasionally. His father just like my parents set goals for self-reliance, discipline and responsibility. Because of those goals Arthur began to take great pride in his reputation. I also feel as if I’m always being judged. We have both been called â€Å"quiet† people but Arthur eventually grows out of that and my parents tell me I’m beginning to do the same. Both of our parents, to our displeasure, force us to do our numerous chores before anything else. The difference lies within the punishment for disobeying our parents wishes. The so called â€Å"beatings† that Arthur received in his time were nothing unordinary yet if those beatings were to occur t oday they would be seen as wrong and inhumane. Despite the differences we share many similar diversions such as good quality time with our families. Arthur was known to spend countless hours reading and listening to music with his mom. Yet at the age of 6 Arthur had to face one of the most traumatic expierences of his life when he lost his mother, M... Free Essays on Arthur Ashe Jr. Free Essays on Arthur Ashe Jr. Arthur Robert Ashe Jr. is a man of trust, courage, grace and honor. Although many of these attriobutes I share with Arthur, his high level of moral values and self reliance I aspire to achieve. Arthur was of African American decent and being born on July 10, 1943 in Richmond, Virginia he had to face many racial struggles and hardships. On the contrary, I was born and raised in somerset, New Jersey, in the 1990’s so my racial struggles were close to non-existent. Being of Italian- American decent, if I had lived in the time of Arthur Ashe I still would not have faced racial struggles as greatly as African Americans did in that time. Arthur was the first born just as I was, except he was the first and only while I on the other hand have three siblings. We were both born into extremely loving and caring families. Arthur was raised by extremely strict parents and was not even allowed to go out after school or hang out with friends as I do occasionally. His father just like my parents set goals for self-reliance, discipline and responsibility. Because of those goals Arthur began to take great pride in his reputation. I also feel as if I’m always being judged. We have both been called â€Å"quiet† people but Arthur eventually grows out of that and my parents tell me I’m beginning to do the same. Both of our parents, to our displeasure, force us to do our numerous chores before anything else. The difference lies within the punishment for disobeying our parents wishes. The so called â€Å"beatings† that Arthur received in his time were nothing unordinary yet if those beatings were to occur t oday they would be seen as wrong and inhumane. Despite the differences we share many similar diversions such as good quality time with our families. Arthur was known to spend countless hours reading and listening to music with his mom. Yet at the age of 6 Arthur had to face one of the most traumatic expierences of his life when he lost his mother, M...

Discuss the concept of marketing myopia and its benefits and Essay

Discuss the concept of marketing myopia and its benefits and limitations for a company - Essay Example They focused on products instead of customer requirements. This lack of vision and the customer dissatisfaction paved the way for the success of the auto industry on the highways. Further, the construction of super highways has created better medium for freight and passenger traffic, posing a formidable competition for the railways. Similarly, when small cars were introduced in the US market by Japanese companies, they became a hit in the first year of their introduction. Though there had been major researches going on for a long time in the US, none of them were able to find out what exactly the customers wanted. They focused on what was the best alternative available for a customer of the available options. They totally ignored customer requirements. Their researches focused on the product, not on customer requirements. Marketing Myopia occurs when a marketer is excessively preoccupied with product development, manufacturing or selling and ignores customer needs wants and interests. Marketing is a long-term function that involves anticipating a change in the future, and planning for it accordingly (Saxena, 1997). Another example that is apt quoting in this context of marketing myopia is that of the pager industry and radio broadcasting. Pager companies could not foresee technology changes and changing customer expectations and adapt themselves to fulfil customer expectations while mobile companies fulfilled the needs and succeeded in the market. Most companies that did not consider customers’ needs and preferences have suffered losses. With the changing times, a good marketer needs the vision to be on top of the changes and trends. Theodore Levitt in his book The Marketing Imagination has cited four conditions for business obsolescence as a result of marketing myopia. The following are the conditions: 1. The belief of

Installation of Cameras on Highways and Roads Research Paper

Installation of Cameras on Highways and Roads - Research Paper Example The rationale behind the enforcement of this project is to reduce the number of accidents casualties, particularly at accident black spots (Marcus Nieto, 1997). A speed camera or a traffic enforcement camera is a camera mounted on roads and highways, to monitor traffic movements on the motorway. These cameras are highly sophisticated to be able to read vehicle registration numbers in case of Highway Code violations. The cameras are able to detect the speed of a moving vehicle, and if found to be overspeeding, a call is then made to police patrol vehicles that are waiting nearby. Speed enforcement cameras are highly effective tools for discouraging speeding and consequently, reducing road accidents. Point-to-point speed cameras, for example, calculate the average speed of a moving vehicle over a stretch of the road or highway and discourage motorists from the habit of speeding up then slowing down near fixed safety cameras to avoid detection. Red light cameras are cameras that are connected to traffic signals and sensors buried at the stop line or the crosswalk. The cameras are highly effective in identifying traffic light violators by continuously monitoring the traffic signals. The red light cameras are especially useful in cities, where they enforce traffic regulations by automatically taking photos of vehicles whose drivers run the red lights. The red light cameras rely heavily on the sensors buried under the stop line, to enforce the traffic laws. The cameras are triggered when vehicles pass over the sensors at a specified time after the traffic lights turn red, and above a pre-set minimum speed. The photograph shows the vehicle of the red light violator at the intersection. The red light camera records the time elapsed since the commencement of the red light, the time, date and vehicle speed.

The development of the Chinese money market and its critical issues Essay

The development of the Chinese money market and its critical issues for future development - Essay Example Considering the recent developments in the money market in China, it can be said that varieties of market transaction have improved, the transaction scale has expanded and the market membership has also widened (Neftci and MÃ ©nager-Xu, 2007). However, in relation to other countries of the world, development of the Chinese money market requires further restructuring. There are various components in the money market of China, namely the interbank market that conducts the lending and borrowing; repurchase market; and securities market. The operation of the money market is extremely crucial for financial sector reforms, operation of the commercial banks and smooth functioning of the monetary policy of the central bank. Nevertheless, bureaucratic controls on the interest rates of deposits and loans are still dominant, which renders the impact on other financial markets less powerful due to changes in the interest rates. It is also crucial for appropriate functioning of the fiscal policy (Neftci and MÃ ©nager-Xu, 2007). The purpose of this essay is to discuss the development of various sub-segments of the Chinese money markets in the latest decade as well as to highlight crucial market issues. Some recommendations are also provided that can guide the course of future development of the money market with relevance to the policy implication. Effective functioning of the monetary policy is dependent on creation of a vibrant money market. The money market forms a medium, where the central bank of an economy comes in contact with the entire financial system as well as determines the cost and availability of credit required by the financial institutions for proper functioning. As the Chinese economy is undergoing a number of reforms with the passage of time, number of members in the money markets is also rising. The once concentrated money markets have now expanded to include not only state-owned commercial banks and joint stock commercial banks, but also the local

Feng Shui in the Home Essay Example for Free

Feng Shui in the Home Essay Feng Shui, as a part of the Chinese culture, is considered an art and a science of how the chi or energies that exist in spaces of nature are to be placed or positioned in order to nurture productivity and the flow of positive forces that influence the quality of life of human beings. Feng Shui, which literally means â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water† in the Chinese language, looks at all the features of the earth as constituting one of the five elements – earth, fire, water, metal, and wood. Moreover, Feng Shui follows the traditional principle of the Yin and Yang which suggests two opposite aspects of life that are complementary to each other which sustains the flow of balance in the world and in life. (Allen) Feng Shui is put into practice through the positioning or ordering of objects or things in spaces or dwellings as a means of facilitating the flow of positivity and harmony through the guidance or assistance of a Compass specially designed for the purpose and the Bagua. (Tchi) These concepts – the chi, the five elements, Yin and Yang, the Compass, the Bagua – and more will be explored in the remainder of this discussion. In Ancient China, dynasties or political parties applied the principles of Feng Shui in order to make decisions that positively affect harvests, wealth and the economy, the endurance of dynasties and political parties, and such. During that time, the art and science of Feng Shui was practiced by only selected educated individuals such as â€Å"scientists, architects, astronomers, and land surveyors† (Stohn, 1). They were expected to apply Feng Shui principles by applying their sound judgments and reasoning guided by plans and estimates influenced by astrological signs and patterns. For instance, individuals who put the Feng Shui into practice may utilize the Compass or the â€Å"loopan† in order to determine areas that bring positive and negative energies to human beings who occupy particular spaces or rooms inside a house or a building. The use of the Compass is guided by the positions of heavenly bodies, such as the earth, the sun, and the planets in the solar system. (Stohn, 2-3) The chi energy, or a life force that is known to be part of all the things and man, is the basis for the success of Feng Shui. According to Feng Shui principles, the chi should be placed in particular positions that will establish a flow of energy from all the elements surrounding man and himself in order to produce positive forces that contribute constructive and positive impacts to life. The role of interior designing in realizing the goals and objectives of Feng Shui is the practice of designing the internal components of spaces or dwellings in order to facilitate the continuous flow of chi or energy. According to Feng Shui principles disharmony and negative energy exists when there are barriers in the surroundings that disrupt the flow of chi or energy. Basing it on the five elements – that is earth, fire, water, metal, and wood – barriers that cause disruptions are caused by the misplacement of interior components of spaces of dwellings violating the concepts of the â€Å"Cycle of Creation,† â€Å"Cycle of Reduction,† and â€Å"Cycle of Control or Domination. † (Stohn, 6-10) These three cycles explain how the five elements affect each other, establishing the basis of how things in the surroundings should be placed in order to ensure that these objects or things, which all belong to one of the five elements are arranged in order to foster the harmony between them and not the opposing features that each element possess against other elements. For instance, the â€Å"Cycle of Creation† discusses how each element gives birth to the other, such that fire is born out of wood, the ashes that come after the fire becomes part of the earth, some parts of the earth constitutes ores that are considered as metals, through the process of condensation, metals become water which nourishes the life of wood. On the other hand, the â€Å"Cycle of Reduction† and the â€Å"Cycle of Control or Domination† similarly discusses how one element cancels out the other, such as the water that relieves fire, and such. (Stohn, 10-11) Interior designing in this case, considers the make or the composition of interior components of the home according to the five elements, and how they are arranged in order to follow the â€Å"Cycle of Creation† which facilitates the continuous flow of chi or positive energy. Another way by which the Feng Shui is put into practice through interior designing is by the utilization of the Bagua. The Bagua is considered as a map of energy which directs interior designing into ensuring that the interior components of a space or dwelling coordinates the nine essential principles that brings about harmony and positivity within it. Interior designing through the use of the Bagua necessitates the consideration of the four directions – North, South, East, and West – and how the nine areas – courage, stillness, joy, receptivity, synchronicity, integrity, strength, gratitude, and connection – are inclusive in each designated position inside spaces. (Stohn, 11-15) Some popular examples of interior designing techniques and practices that follow the principle of Feng Shui include the designation of areas that pertain to directions following the five elements in the surroundings. For instance, the North direction is designated to cover the area of career and business. The North is supposed to be a door or an entry way inside the home which signifies the entry of good career and the development of business. In order to sustain the flow of positive energy in the North direction to foster one’s career and business, this area or space should be free from clutter or dirt. It should always be clean and decorated with new and shiny things or objects. According to Feng Shui, the North direction is also designated to the element of water. Therefore, it is ideal to place fountains, aquariums or fish tanks, or other decorations that connote the presence of water in them. This is followed all throughout the house, such that each area wherein a particular element is designated, things or objects in it should be made from such elements. (Stohn, 18-20) Since the principle of Feng Shui constitutes the arrangement of things or objects in spaces or dwellings, it has become one of the most valuable, not to mention widespread, foundations of interior designing. The demand for interior designing practices that are based on Feng Shui principles has definitely contributed to its addition as a custom in the industry of interior design. The Feng Shui, as an Eastern art or science practiced by the Chinese, has successfully infiltrated the Western culture. (Skinner Price, 6) Popular personalities, such as the late Princess Diana, Prince Charles (Alexander), and Donna Karan, Betty Buckley, and Terry Sweeney (Stukin), have consulted Feng Shui experts for their interior designing needs and some of them have attested to the positive changes in their lives that have happened after following Feng Shui principles in their homes. Works Cited Alexander, Jane (1996). â€Å"The Healing Touch that Starts in Your Home; The Secrets of Feng Shui. † London, England: The Daily Mail. Allen, Marites. (2006). â€Å"Demystifying ‘Feng Shui. ’† Retrieved from Manila Standard Today Online. 05 Feb 2009. http://www. manilastandardtoday. com/? page=myMoney02_april20_2006. Skinner, Stephen Price, Graham. (2004). â€Å"Feng Shui Style: The Asian Art of Gracious Living. † North Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing Stohn, Nancy. (2005). â€Å"Feng Shui Simplified: A Family Guide to Creating Harmony and Love in Your Home. † British Columbia, Canada: Trafford Publishing. Stukin, Stacie. (2000). â€Å"Home Shui Home. † The Advocate. Tchi, Rodika. (N. D. ) â€Å"What is Feng Shui – Feng Shui Theory and Feng Shui Tools. † Retrieved from About. com. Website: http://fengshui. about. com/od/thebasics/qt/fengshui. htm

English Word: Stress Or Accent Affected

English Word: Stress Or Accent Affected The segments of spoken language are the vowels and consonants. The speech segments are called segmental phonemes or primary phonemes. They combine to produce syllables, words, phrases and sentences. As we utter them, we make use of wide range of tones of voice. This speech features, which are higher than sound segments are called suprasegmentals. The speech features that are higher than the sound segments are length, stress, pitch, intonation, rhythm and juncture. Here I am describing about stress. Stress is a suprasegmantal feature. Stress refers to the prominence given to a syllable. In English all the syllable in a word are not uttered with equal force. One or more than one syllable is articulated with greater force than the rest. The degree of force with which a syllable is uttered is known as stress. A syllable gains prominence as a result of the stress it receives. However, factors such as the lengthening of the vowel in the syllable and change in pitch also work in conjunction with the breath force (stress) to make a syllable prominent. The syllable uttered with the greatest degree of force is called stressed or accented syllable. In the word table, /teibl/ the first syllable /tei/ is more prominently articulated than the second syllable /-bl/. In the word committee/ / the second syllable is more prominently uttered the others. In the word recommend / / the accent or stress is on the third syllable. The stressed syllable in the word is said to carry primary (tonic) stres s. The syllable next to that in degree of force of articulation in the word is said to carry secondary stress. The primary stress is usually marked with a vertical stroke high up just before the particular syllable. The secondary stress is marked with a vertical stroke below just before the particular syllable. e.g. emigration / /. If prominence is given to syllables in isolated words it is called word stress. In English, the stress is both free and fixed.it is free in the sense the main stress can full on any syllable in a word and fixed in the sense that each word has its own fixed stress patterns. For example while the disyllabic teacher / / has stress on the first syllable, the disyllabic word canteen / / has stress on the second syllable. The stress patterns of a word is an important feature of the words spoken identity. Thus we find nation / /, and not nation / /, nationality / / and not nationality / /. Any change in the stress patterns nay deform the phonetic shape of the word beyond recognition. Stress is relevant to grammar as well as to phonetics. Thus it contributes much to the form and function of the word. The stress patterns in some words may be affected by their grammatical word class. For example, some disyllabic verbs are distinguished from corresponding nouns or adjectives on the basis of the stress they receive, the verbs take primary stress on the second syllable whereas the nouns and adjectives take it on the first syllable. E.g. Digest / / (noun); digest / / (verb). Frequent / / (adjective); frequent/ / (verb). STRESS IN SIMPLE WORDS. Stress appears in all polysyllabic words. It is rather difficult to predict where the is to be placed. if we examine the stress patterns in simple words, the following general tendencies may be observed. 1. Words with the suffix -ee, -eer, -aire take the stress on the syllable containing the suffix. e.g. trust / / trustee / /. auction / / auctioneer / /. 2. Words with the suffix -ion, -ity, -ic, -ial, -ially, -ian take stress on the syllable preceding the suffix. e.g. regulate / / regulation / /. economy / / economic / /. 3. The suffixes -ness, -less, -ly, -al, -full, -hood do not change stress. e.g. supple / / suppleness / /. critic / / critical / /. 4. The inflectional suffixes -ed, -es and -ing do not cause any stress change. e.g. relate / / related / /. mango / / mangoes / /. progress / / progressing / / . ACCENT IN COMPOUND WORDS By compound words we mean a word composed of two separate words. If we examine the stress patterns in compound words, the following general tendencies may be observed. 1. In most compound words in English, the primary accent falls usually on the first element. e.g. pen-friend, hand-bag. 2. When a compound noun denotes a single idea rather than a combination of two ideas suggested by the original words, the first element is stressed. e.g. honey-moon, goldsmith. 3. When the meaning of a compound noun is the meaning of the second element stress is on the first element. e.g. dinner-table, sheep-dog. 4. Words compounded of a verb and an adverb are generally pronounced with stress on the first element. e.g. make-up, set-back. 5. In compound words that end in -ever or -self the primary stress falls on the second element. e.g. himself, whenever. 6. Double stress is used in compound adjectives of which the first element is an adjective. e.g. red-hot, good-looking. It may be seen that the stress of words normally pronounced with double stress is often modified in sentences. The first of the stressed syllables is likely to loss its stress, when closely preceded by another stressed syllable. Similarly, the second of the stressed syllable is likely to lose its stress, when closely followed by another stressed syllable. For example, fourteen / / is normally double stressed. When it is preceded by words like just / / , The first stress is lost, / /. FEATURES OF CONNECTED SPEECH. Sentence stress. An utterance consisting of more than one word is called connected speech. When words are used in connected speech, some words are uttered more prominently than others are. prominence given to syllables in sentences is called sentence stress. As a general rule, the words, which carry the main information, stand out from the rest. generally the content words are while the function class words are unstressed. For example, in the sentence the tall boy is a brilliant student, the words tall, boy, brilliant and student are stressed and the rest, unstressed. The stress falls on the same syllable irrespective of whether it forms part of a polysyllabic word uttered in isolation, or of connected speech. If there are several prominent syllables in connected speech only one will receive the primary accent. this is usually the last prominent syllable. But the choice of the syllable carrying the primary accent depends on the meaning the speaker wants to convey. The tonic is marked with []. For example, he must write, may be spoken in the following three ways to effect changes in meaning, by changing stress positions. He must write. He must write. He must write. One prominent feature of English is that stress occur at regular intervals of time. Accent at the level of sentence is much freer than that in the word. WEAK FORMS AND STRONG FORMS. One of the striking features of English connected speech is the occurrence of strong and weak forms nearly fifty words in English which, perform a grammatical function appearing these two forms. The can be pronounced in two or more distinct ways. 1. The weak forms are unstressed. 2. They exhibit a reduction in the length of sounds. 3. The weak forms of certain words are distinguished from their strong forms by the omission of vowels and consonants. Only strong forms are acceptable in the following situations. 1. When weak form words occur finally in a sentence, e.g. Who are you waiting for? 2. When a weak form word is accented for the purpose of emphasis, e.g. The journey to Kochi and not from Kochi. 1.What is the relevance of the points you have submitted? 2.Convert the topic into a teaching unit. 3.Critically evaluate the points you have submitted? ANSWERS Learning word stress is very important in linguistics studies. A language learner needs to engage with a word many times, preferably in different ways , in order to really learn it. Mistakes in word stress sometimes create misunderstandings in English. There are some words which have same spelling , different pronunciation and different meaning.(homography) .In such cases if we make mistakes in pronunciation then it will change the meaning. For example: Lead in I lead the group and The plate is made of lead Even if the speaker can be understood, mistakes with word stress can make the listener feel irritated or perhaps even amused and could prevent good communication from taking place. Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to understand. For example: I carried a basket to the market. If a person stress the first syllable rather than second syllable, then it will become difficult to the listener to understand. 2. Each word is formed by one or more than one syllable. In English all the syllables in a word are not uttered with equal force. The syllable uttered with the greatest degree of force is called stressed or accented syllable. For example: In the word table the first syllable is more prominently articulated than the second syllable. The most stressed words are called as primary stress and the secondly stressed syllable is known as secondary syllable. The primary stress is usually marked with a vertical stroke high up just before the particular syllable. The secondary stress is marked with a vertical stroke below just before the particular syllable. For example: ,emi`gration The stress patterns in some words may be affected by their grammatical word class. Words with the suffix -eer, -ee, -aire, take the stress on the syllable containing the suffix. In most compound words in English, the primary accent falls usually on the first element. Generally the content words are stressed while the function class words are unstressed. For example, in the sentence, the tall boy is a brilliant student, the words tall, boy, brilliant and student are stressed and the rest, unstressed. The weak forms are unstressed. 3. The information given in this assignment is very relevant and acceptable. It helps the people who are learning linguistics to acquire basic information about word stress. This is an attempt to study word stress in general and the English language in particular. It describes stress as a suprasegmental feature. It also speaks about primary stress, secondary stress, accent in simple words, accent in compound words, sentence stress and the rules in using stress. This assignment also gives lots of examples regarding the topic. In short it is a sincere effort on the topic word stress.

A Comparison of Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street Essay

Exploring Syncretism in Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Syncretism is the fine line between Christianity and Native American Religions because it is the ambivalent, simultaneous attraction of choice and identification to the influences of two or more religious belief systems. Syncretism is most common among minority groups such as Hispanics. The definition applied to their unique position of culture is brought about by the Native American and Spanish ancestry. Ambivalence is shown even by the word Hispanic, which is an "umbrella" term. The novels, Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me Ultima(1972) and Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street(1984) explore syncretism and how it enhances and exemplifies the issue of ambivalent behavior in regards to the combined use of Native and Christian religions. In Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street, syncretism is displayed through the actions of both novels to show that syncretism is the "bridge" of ambivalence. Syncretism in context of Anaya and Cisneros' novels, merge Christianity and Native American pagan religions to form the syncretic nature of ambivalent Hispanic Americans. There are several main points in each text that exhibit the issue of syncretism. These points or issues include the "Christ-like" comparison, the witchcraft comparison, and the comparison of pagan religions of superstition and sorcery. The concept of good and evil revealed in the two Hispanic novels through the mixture of Christianity and Native religions is a type of syncretism created by folk Catholicism. According to Ellwin Stoddard's Mexican Americans, the concept of folk Catholicism, "is driven on the idea that the formal sphere of the Catholic church is blended with the Native ... ...on, folk Catholicism. In consequence, Hispanics have in a sense walked a fine line of ambivalence in relation to syncretic religious practices. Works Cited Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 2002. Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Random House, 2006. Dictionary of Hispanic Biography. "Rudolfo Anaya" Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. Penguin Dictionary of Religions, ed. John R. Hiumells. 2004. Stoddard, Ellwin R. Mexican Americans. New York: Random House, 1973. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd.ed., v.1. "The History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531.Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Wiget, Andrew O., "Native American Oral Narrative" in The Heath Anthology of American Literature 3rd ed., v.1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 24-27.    A Comparison of Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street Essay Exploring Syncretism in Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Syncretism is the fine line between Christianity and Native American Religions because it is the ambivalent, simultaneous attraction of choice and identification to the influences of two or more religious belief systems. Syncretism is most common among minority groups such as Hispanics. The definition applied to their unique position of culture is brought about by the Native American and Spanish ancestry. Ambivalence is shown even by the word Hispanic, which is an "umbrella" term. The novels, Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me Ultima(1972) and Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street(1984) explore syncretism and how it enhances and exemplifies the issue of ambivalent behavior in regards to the combined use of Native and Christian religions. In Bless Me Ultima and The House on Mango Street, syncretism is displayed through the actions of both novels to show that syncretism is the "bridge" of ambivalence. Syncretism in context of Anaya and Cisneros' novels, merge Christianity and Native American pagan religions to form the syncretic nature of ambivalent Hispanic Americans. There are several main points in each text that exhibit the issue of syncretism. These points or issues include the "Christ-like" comparison, the witchcraft comparison, and the comparison of pagan religions of superstition and sorcery. The concept of good and evil revealed in the two Hispanic novels through the mixture of Christianity and Native religions is a type of syncretism created by folk Catholicism. According to Ellwin Stoddard's Mexican Americans, the concept of folk Catholicism, "is driven on the idea that the formal sphere of the Catholic church is blended with the Native ... ...on, folk Catholicism. In consequence, Hispanics have in a sense walked a fine line of ambivalence in relation to syncretic religious practices. Works Cited Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 2002. Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Random House, 2006. Dictionary of Hispanic Biography. "Rudolfo Anaya" Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. Penguin Dictionary of Religions, ed. John R. Hiumells. 2004. Stoddard, Ellwin R. Mexican Americans. New York: Random House, 1973. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd.ed., v.1. "The History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531.Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Wiget, Andrew O., "Native American Oral Narrative" in The Heath Anthology of American Literature 3rd ed., v.1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 24-27.   

Jonathan Edwards

In Jonathan Edwards’ personal narrative, he uses language to convey a remorseful attitude towards his own spiritual condition. The imagery of hell as seen by Edwards creates a punishment in â€Å"the lowest place in hell. † He feels like he is the â€Å"very worst of all mankind. † In the simile, â€Å"as bad as the devil himself,† his followers make him feel as though his â€Å"wickedness† and â€Å"vileness† are greater. This portrays his remorseful attitude.By utilizing the simile, â€Å"like an infinite deluge or mountains over my head,† Edwards depicts the severity of his wrongdoing as being of such magnitude that it is â€Å"swallowing up all thought and imagination. † The use of repetition in â€Å"Infinite upon infinite— Infinite upon infinite! † supports Edwards’ view of his wickedness as â€Å"an abyss infinitely deeper than hell. † This expresses his internal pain and anguish. Edwards proce eds to use the phrase, â€Å"nauseous and detestable to me,† to describe his sense of self-loathing.He feels as if he does not morally deserve to be â€Å"exalted and raised up to the infinite height of all the fullness and glory of the great Jehovah. † Throughout the narrative, Edwards is vividly describing his belief that if it were not for the â€Å"sovereign grace† of his Lord, that the earth would simply not bear him or all humanity for a single moment because as far as he is concerned, we are all corrupt individuals- creatures even, that spend our lives in the service of God’s enemies. It is through all the aforementioned that he illustrates his remorseful sentiment in his personal narrative.