Molecules, Moles and Avogadros Number

Molecules and moles are important to understand when studying chemistry and physical science. Heres an explanation of what these terms mean, how they relate to Avogadros number, and how to use them to find molecular and formula weight. Molecules A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds and ionic bonds. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that still displays the properties associated with that compound. Molecules may contain two atoms of the same element, such as O2 and H2, or they may consist of two or more different atoms, such as CCl4 and H2O. A chemical species consisting of a single atom or ion is not a molecule. So, for example, an H atom is not a molecule, while H2 and HCl are molecules. In the study of chemistry, molecules are usually discussed in terms of their molecular weights and moles. A  related term is a compound. In chemistry, a compound is a molecule consisting of at least two different types of atoms. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds!  Ionic compounds, such as NaCl and KBr, do not form traditional discrete molecules like those formed by covalent bonds. In their solid state, these substances form a three-dimensional array of charged particles. In such a case, molecular weight has no meaning, so the term formula weight is used instead. Molecular Weight and Formula Weight The molecular weight of a molecule is calculated by adding the atomic weights (in atomic mass units or amu) of the atoms in the molecule. The formula weight of an ionic compound is calculated by adding its atomic weights according to its empirical formula. The Mole A mole is defined as the quantity of a substance that has the same number of particles as are found in 12.000 grams of carbon-12. This number, Avogadros number, is 6.022x1023. Avogadros number may be applied to atoms, ions, molecules, compounds, elephants, desks, or any object. Its just a convenient number to define a mole, which makes it easier for chemists to work with very large numbers of items. The mass in grams of one mole of a compound is equal to the molecular weight of the compound in atomic mass units. One mole of a compound contains 6.022x1023 molecules of the compound. The mass of  one  mole of a compound is called its molar weight or molar mass. The units for molar weight or molar mass are grams per mole. Here is the formula for determining the number of moles of a sample: mol weight of sample (g) / molar weight (g/mol) How to Convert Molecules to Moles Converting between molecules and moles is done by either multiplying by or dividing by Avogadros number: To go from moles to molecules, multiply the number of moles by  6.02 x 1023.To go from molecules to moles, divide the numbers of molecules by  6.02 x 1023. For example, if you know there are 3.35 x 1022  water molecules in a gram of water and want to find how many moles of water this is: moles of water molecules of water / Avogadros number moles of water 3.35 x 1022  /  6.02  x 1023 moles of water 0.556 x 10-1 or 0.056 moles in 1 gram of water

The Bhagavad Gita And The Symposium - 2073 Words

Desire in the Bhagavad-Gita and the Symposium Concepts of love and desire cross cultures and time periods, defining human interaction and goals with its powerful force on the human mind. The line between love and desire is not always clear and people from philosophers to scientists have attempted to understand these complex emotions and how they may be right or wrong. Desire has been characterized mainly as a distraction that will hinder humans on their solitary paths to self- enlightenment, but rather than abstaining from desire entirely to better reach enlightenment it is should be transformed through the guidance of the wise and made into a valuable resource in the search for truth rather than being seen as the enemy. Desire, when left unguided, can be a problem for those who give into it, however, a desire that has transformed into a sort of love with virtuous intentions can help one on their way to enlightenment when used in the correct way. The types of desire as they relate to what enlightenment is and the way it can be achieved are all of great importance to the potential use of desire as a resource. Unrestrained desire of anything from objects to human bodies must be checked by a set of rules or standards whether those rules instruct humans to completely rid themselves of desire or to transform that desire into something more. Selfish desire is characterized as temporary and ultimately useless or even a hindrance to a man in search of truth and knowledge.Show MoreRelatedThe Symposium And The Bhagavad Gita Essay1725 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Assignment 2 Prompt 1 When it comes to the subject of love and desire, it would seem that The Symposium and The Bhagavad Gita disagree as to whether those qualities are beneficial to achieving spirituality or detrimental. In the Symposium, Plato states that desire is part of the pathway to achieving spirituality. By contrast, the unnamed author of the Bhagavad Gita seems to state that desire is an obstacle in the pathway to achieving divinity. Their perspectives can seen through their textsRead MoreDesire In The Symposium1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s The Symposium, a group of well-versed men consider philosophical arguments, specifically regarding the role desire plays in a virtuous life. As academics and philosophers who hold high rank in the social system of ancient Greece, these men are praised for their wisdom and eloquence. One such philosopher, Pausanias, gives a speech early in the text that addresses desire as a multifaceted concept, setting the tone for the novel. The Bhagavad-Gita , an ancient Indian text that is much reveredRead MoreLove And Devotion : Everlasting Concepts With Innumerable Meanings1655 Words   |  7 Pageschanged; and the studying of great texts such as the Plato’s Symposium, the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible, and the Bhagavad Gita have contributed to the expansion of my knowledge on such abstract topics. Love holds various meanings that vary from person to person, which is largely what is so remarkable about it. Love is an emotion, a drive, an expression; love is many things combined into one strong pull to some force. In The Symposium, love holds many interpretations by the various speakers, butRead More Siddhartha Essay: Hindu and Buddhist Thought1501 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita, an important poetical document of the Hindu religion. Timpe maintains that Hesse was influenced largely by the Bhagavad Gita when he wrote his book and that the protagonist was groping his way along the path prescribed by the Bhagavad Gita. Hesse was indeed familiar with this important work, and a comparison between it and Siddhartha is rewarding.    As Timpe points out, the basic central problems of Siddhartha and the Gita are similar: how can theRead MoreConcepts Of Love And Desire2059 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause they are literally regarded as a disposable vessel for the real spirit which is placed in much higher standing within the world order. In the same way, â€Å"beauty of minds as more valuable than that of the body† (Plato 48) is an emphasized in the symposium. This connection to the concept of the other text where the bodies of humans and other material things are of much less value than that which is less tangible. The mind is valued for its infinite possibilities and its connection to knowledge. The

Organizational Development Paper Free Essays

Organizational development is a benchmark for a given organization’s success in establishing its core values, mission statement and goals. Whether an organization is non-profit or for profit does not change the fact that both types of organizations need to make the best of all plans and then implement them to make the right culture as well as model of running the business or supporting the cause which this particular organization is used to doing.What is necessary is the most of the work is done by middle and upper management, in planning the projects and yearly goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Development Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now When an organization goes through staffing of capital change or depletion, all changes have to be made in accordance with the balance capital as well as the needs for more human power to run a specific position and or functions within various departments of the organization. As organizational needs and business demands shift so do the processes of conduction business and managing the organizational structure.Organizational assessment of needs make it different for every organization as to how the success of a particular organization can be insured by its managers and employees. In industrial/organizational psychology and management sciences’ disciplines, graduated students study case studies and then develop solutions to scenarios helpful and suitable for establishing a policy structure to make the organizational system run smoothly.Theory of change is one theory which states that a cycle of stability and consequent change is imminent always in the life of any organization. It is a stage theory basically entails identifying need for change, making the actual change and then readjusting to the changed way of conducting business. Over all operational evaluations eventually lead to better systems and stable methods, by which seasoned employees can steer the organization to success every step of the way to achieving a status of a credible and successful arket name brand won by the organization. The processes involved in the change making itself, will rigorously change and as long as the core values of the organizational structure are adhere to nothing will transpire which will be less then ethical and lawful from a legal point of view. For the organization to defend or justify, because all operational and management procedures will be inline with the guiding by-laws and regulations following which, the organization will originally set up.Further development in any organization is always required. And this second phase of development is based on the first p hase of established foundational laws and policies. Given changing businesses and consumer services’ needs, the scale and the expanded quality of services will change too, and so would the processes which make them happen. Successful organizational always reflect on their statistics in numbers as well as qualitatively.With the change in human power and capital resources, every successful organization takes it seriously that the quality of the deliverables is not sacrificed with rendering ad hoc business practices.References Feist, J. , Feist, G. (2006). Theories of personality (6 ed. ). Boston: McGraw Hill. Spector, P. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology (5 ed. ). Retrieved from New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite Organizational Development Paper, Papers

Impact of Neo-liberalization on International Business †Free Samples

Question: Discus about the Impact of Neo-liberalization on International Business. Answer: Introduction Neoliberalism is an important theory of political economy which proposes that that the well-being of an individual can be achieved by maximizing entrepreneurial freedom within the institutional framework. This framework is characterized by individual liberty, free trade, property rights, unfettered markets. Neoliberalisation has been flourishing around the world similar to the wave of discursive adjustment and institutional reform. Neoliberalism is an important exemplar of global development. The advocates of neoliberalism have opined that the ease of capital flow is an important indicator of development for the poorer countries. They ignored the issue of labor mobility in such countries. The investors in the global market have focused on the new areas of profit making opportunities which was produced by the neoliberalism in the emerging market during the mid-1990s. Moreover, neoliberalism often defines competition as important characteristics of human relations. It defines the citiz ens as the consumers whose choices are exercised through the process of buying and selling, a systematic process which punishes inefficiency and rewards merit. The market also delivers such benefits which cannot be achieved through proper planning. The declining price of the food stuffs, growth in the public and private debt and increase in the unemployment affected the economy of Australia. The neoliberal ideology which has shown an increasing trend in Australian agriculture has emphasized on the rural and the individual community self-help. This paper will highlight the impact on neo-liberalism on the international business activity (Joseph, 2013). Key ideas of Neo-liberalism Neoliberalism is an authoritative policy framework in contemporary globalization. The approach of liberalism has served the interests of the dominant classes and the countries in the world. The neo-liberal laissez faire capitalist argue that the political and economic freedom either in the form of capitalism or democracy helps to produce higher level of wealth in the economy. There are certain economic reforms in the market conducted on the basis of efficiency and growth such as labor and financial reform and privatization. It is also seen that the idea of economic theory is dominant and guided by neoliberalism which encourages the growth of private enterprises and the operation of the free market forces (Finnegan, 2016). The instability in the economy around the world is due to government intervention and regulation of the economy. Government should try to defend and create the market and all other activities must be in the hands of the private company. The neoliberal policies depend on the general theory of equilibrium. The sellers and the buyers in a market try to produce unique products at an affordable price which helps to balance the demand and supply of the goods and services that are used in the production. Moreover, the neoliberal policies must try to integrate the national economy into the global economy to allow the free flow of varied goods and services. The neoliberal policies also lay faith on the unregulated market (Wilson, 2015). The neoliberal economic policy has also increased the risk associated with economic growth and increased inequality. Many neo-liberal policies have increased inequality in the economy instead of generating growth. Trade liberalization has lifted many individuals out of poverty in most of the developed countries of the world. Moreover, privatization has also increased the efficiency in various platforms. Certain benefits can be seen in various developed countries in terms of rising growth and thus it is not seen if it includes a wide range of countries. The cost which is measured in terms of rising inequality is justifiable. The expansion of trade across the world has helped many people to come out of poverty. Foreign direct investment has helped to transfer the technology to the developing countries in the world. The privatization of the state owned enterprises has also led to the efficient allocation of the services and lowered the burden on the government (Akkermans, 2017). Neo-liberalism in the education policy is one of the major characteristics of a capitalistic society. This has led to the introduction of education through training and has helped in changing the fund regime. The various policies of globalization and the reforms in higher education suggest new political, cultural and economic dimensions. Neoliberalism as an ideology, philosophy and guide has a good reputation in removing the evils of globalization. The proponents of neo-liberal laissez faire argues that a greater degree of political and economic freedom in varied forms of democracy and capitalism in the developed countries of the world always produces high amount of material wealth in the economy. The World Bank and the IMF were not in business when there were promotions of neo-liberal policies. But after 1980s both these organizations became famous in promoting market liberalizing reforms in the economy (Lipman, 2013). Literature Review According to Dean (2014), the concept of neo-liberalism is thought collective and it focuses on the organization. Neo-liberalism is a political philosophy, local assemblage or rationality and it will become an uneven process of regulatory or governmental development in the future. Connell Dados (2014) predicted that neoliberalism is an idea which is circulated through the network of intellectuals or by an economic system which gives rise to profitability in capitalism. The role of the state, the expansion of trade, agriculture and transformation of the rural society are the major issues of neoliberalism. Constantine, Reissla Stockhammer(2016) opined that neoliberal economic policies played an important role in times of global financial crisis and the debt crisis of Europe. They identified certain key features such of neo-liberalism such as financialisation, globalization and the increasing inequality among the people. According to Flew (2014), neoliberalism is defined in terms of political ideology and it is associated with economic globalization and financial capitalism. It is such a theory which involves political economic practices and suggests that the well-being of an individual can be generated by giving institutional freedom and skills within the framework of an institution. These are characterized by free trade, free market and strong property rights. Baker (2015) opined that neoliberalism is a political ideology and it is a way through which the economic and the land policy can be preserved with regard to agricultural production in the world economy. The most vital tenant of neoliberalism is the belief that opens a competitive and unregulated market which is derived from all types of state interference and thus it represents an optimal mechanism for the development of the economy. According to Glenna, Shortall Brandl (2015), neoliberalism is a term which is used mostly in academic research and it difficult to define the term. It is often considered as a mythical construct which is of varied origin. They also opined that it is a global phenomenon and there is no evidence that it will not be considered as homogenous. According to Babb Kentikelenis (2017), IMF requires certain measures such as reduction of fiscal policy or money supply for emergency loans. Both the World Bank and the IMF were famous because they used conditionality for promoting trade and liberalizing the market policies. They also suggested that in such a circumstance the IMF must co-operate with the World Bank for regional development and assistance from the government. The role of IMF in the financial crisis needs greater security in such aspect. In such a case, the World Bank targeted its lending program which will benefit the poor. According to Streeck (2013), public debt in the capitalist and democratic economy is accompanied by a slow economic growth, rise in the tax resistance, slow political participation and a steep rise in the unemployment. The consolidated efforts are under the pressure of the financial market and this has led to the decline in the investment expenditure and privatization of some of the state owned functions. Payne (2014) highlighted that the G20 Summit created a global crisis in the economy and it is very critical to assess its impact on the member countries. According to Farnsworth Irving (2017), one of the biggest challenge of neo-liberalism is the emerging crisis which was brought into question. They stated that the idea that the economics would be competitive and stronger and the corporations will be more entrepreneurial and profitable if the government allows to do so. Bond et al., (2015) stated that the global crisis affected the economy of the country. The economies export various types of processed products, basic raw materials and a lso suffer from the shortage of various kinds of natural resources. They cannot rely on the shock absorbers which are unfavorable in an international context. They are emaciated by the political conditions which were imposed due to neoliberalism and thus it eliminated the other countermeasures which were implemented by global polarization earlier. Further, they also opined that neoliberal globalization may be referred to as the major cause of this backdrop. It has helped to strengthen the food security system, strengthen the agro-business and destroy the peasantry system. According to Hopewell (2015), people in the civil society engage themselves in the field of multilateral trade governance. The initial strategies adopted by them include criticism of the neo-liberal agenda which was not recognized as the valid form. This has resulted to a wide discrimination and ignorance. The knowledge and position of these people related to the principle of neo-liberalism has deprived the civil s ociety and the right of the people to speak and raise their voice. Critical evaluation of neoliberalism Neoliberalism can be stated as complex phenomena which seeks state intervention and this is important for the optimal mechanism which is vital for the economic development of the country. It can be said as the ongoing specific process that evolves through collisions in different forms and in varied landscapes. Neoliberal globalization is a way which can be captured by reorganizing the production process and the consumption of varied products of the economy with the emergence of a universal network. This will also provide the political and theoretical tools that has facilitated and tried to reduce the intervention of the state run economy along with the regulation of production processes. The neo-liberal policy which was present on the higher education system in Australia also suggest that the policy reforms must be changes and a wider perspective of economic and political imperative must be implemented. It is seen that both the IMF and the World Bank are facing pressure from various countries in the world and the emerging government (Wilson, 2015). In such a case both the organizations must end the dispute and come into an agreement. Moreover, the global investors have engaged themselves in the profit making opportunities and thus have placed themselves in the emerging market economy. It is vital in some aspect to find the connection between the worldwide development and the global elite through the process of neoliberalism. The free trade standard which was implemented by the WTO allowed export specialization in many economies of the world and helped to convert the net purchases of the essential daily products. In many societies, the technical experts have made a parallel shift in their effort to gain legitimacy, symbolic capital and remove exclusion from this field. The neo-liberal trade paradigm and market liberalization are the important means to pursue environmental, developmental and other important objectives. Recent current examples of neo-liberalism affecting international business In USA, the socialists are creating an alliance across the dogmatic scale against neoliberalism. It is useful to analyze and think about neoliberalism in the era of Trump. It is seen that Trump has encountered the neoliberal consensus. Neoliberalisms supports the movement of the goods and the people freely across the political borders. Trump has also announced that the consideration of human rights is inconsequential according to the foreign policies of the state (Saving neoliberalism in the age of Trump, 2017). Moreover, in Germany the crisis of conservatism collided with the catastrophe of neoliberalisation at the time of 2008 financial crisis. The German government accepted the budget deficit to boost up the economy and offset the fall in the demand. The government thus, increased its spending (Between Capital and Volk, 2017). Conclusion It can be said that neo-liberalism and globalization are inter-related and this has affected international business to a large extent. The free movement of capital goods is one of the important aspect of open market which was advocated and supported by the neo-liberals. The emergence of the industrialized power in the globalized world has led to the emergence of neoliberal ideas. Moreover, neoliberalism also encourages individual freedom as the fundamental criteria. The notion of free trade among the various nations has made the policies related to exchange, production and consumption easier. There is no restrictions such as tariffs and trade barriers. It also supports privatization of the resources under individual responsibility. The government programs has decreased and thus it has provided a safety net to the individuals leading to increase in the policies and agreements of the people. Neoliberalism also helps to define the policies which were adopted by the WTO and the IMF. It s upports the multilateral pressure of the political parties through various international organizations. It can also be said that neoliberalism is associated with the welfare reform and the promotion of free trade in US. It justifies that the idea of free state, free market and the unrestricted movement and flow of capital helps to produce political, economic and social goods. In some of the western state, it is seen that neo-liberal ideas must not be encouraged or there should be privatization. Thus, it can be concluded that neo-liberalism encourages the political and economic interdependence and this will lead to progress and removal of barriers between the countries. References Akkermans, D. H. (2017). Net profit flow per country from 1980 to 2009: The long-term effects of foreign direct investment.PLoS One,12(6), e0179244. Babb, S. L., Kentikelenis, A. E. (2017). International financial institutions as agents of neoliberalism.The SAGE handbook of neoliberalism. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Baker, C. (2015, November). From nation-building to neoliberalism: Agriculture, change and the social imaginary in Australia. InRefereed Proceedings of TASA 2015 Conference(p. 180). Between Capital and Volk. (2017).jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017, from https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/06/germany-afd-cdu-immigrants-merkel-xenophobia-neoliberalism Bond, P., Luce, M., Fontes, V., Panitch, L. (2015). BRICS, the G20 and American Empire Claudio Katz: Capitalist mutations in emerging, intermediate and peripheral neoliberalism.An Anti-Capitalist Critique, 14. Connell, R., Dados, N. (2014). Where in the world does neoliberalism come from?.Theory and Society,43(2), 117-138. Constantine, C., Reissl, S., Stockhammer, E. (2016). Neoliberalism, trade imbalances and economic policy in the Eurozone crisis. Dean, M. (2014). Rethinking neoliberalism.Journal of Sociology,50(2), 150-163. Farnsworth, K., Irving, Z. (2017). The limits of neoliberalism? Austerity versus social policy in comparative perspective.Alternatives to Neoliberalism: Towards Equality and Democracy, 101. Finnegan, F. (2016). The Future is Unwritten: Democratic adult education against and beyond neoliberalism.Adult Learner (0790-8040). Glenna, L., Shortall, S., Brandl, B. (2015). Neoliberalism, the university, public goods and agricultural innovation.Sociologia ruralis,55(4), 438-459. Hopewell, K. (2015). Multilateral trade governance as social field: Global civil society and the WTO.Review of International Political Economy,22(6), 1128-1158. Joseph, J. (2013). Resilience as embedded neoliberalism: a governmentality approach.Resilience,1(1), 38-52. Lipman, P. (2013).The new political economy of urban education: Neoliberalism, race, and the right to the city. Taylor Francis. Payne, A. (2014). Steering into the Great Uncertainity: The G20 as Global Governance.Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy,2(3). Saving neoliberalism in the age of Trump. (2017).washingtonexaminer.com. Retrieved 25 July 2017, from https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/saving-neoliberalism-in-the-age-of-trump/article/2629332. Streeck, W. (2014). The politics of public debt: Neoliberalism, capitalist development and the restructuring of the state.German Economic Review,15(1), 143-165. Wilson, K. (2015). Towards a Radical Reappropriation: Gender, Development and Neoliberal Feminism.Development and Change,46(4), 803-832.