Kyoto Protocol In Canada

The Kyoto Protocol has enormous implications on the greenhouse gas emissions scene in Canada and indeed all industrial countries. Its targets for reducing emissions has faced scepticism from both environmentalists who argue that it does not go far enough where as businesses and industry representatives complain over the enormous costs that will be endured in the process of achieving these targets.This essay gives a short description and background to the Kyoto protocol in the Canadian context. It then focuses on the benefits and advantages of the Kyoto protocol to Canada while the last section focuses on the disadvantages and potentially negative impact of the Kyoto protocol in Canada.BackgroundKyoto Protocol was signed in the Japanese city of Kyoto in the year 1997 between countries in order to decrease greenhouse emissions and counter climate change. The Protocol was signed a year later by Canada and formally ratified in late 2002 after a lengthy debate in the argument.The Liberal government in charge decided to decrease greenhouse emissions in the country by 6% below what they were in 1990. This was designed to occur over five years between 2008 and 2012.After the Conservative government came to power in early 2006, they called the Kyoto targets unrealistic as well as unachievable. In turn, the new government decided to focus on developing Canada’s own solutions to the problem, and decided to use the funds to improve the environment within Canada and not on global credits. It also decided to invest in the development of clean technologies.The Kyoto Protocol calls for these actions to be undertaken by national governments:Encourage Huge Final Emitter SystemAt the end of 2005 the government added greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane to the list of toxic substances. This was done under the umbrella of Canadian Environmental Protection Act in turn opening the doors to regulation.These regulations were published in 2006 as part of the Canada Gazette Part I and were followed by sector-specific greenhouse gas emissions targets. The deal was to decrease the total emissions by 45 mega tons in total.The Kyoto Promote Renewable Energy:This particular initiative offered the Wind Power Production Incentive as well as the Renewable Power Production Incentive. These initiatives included subsidy for producers of renewable energy of 1cent for ever Kwh of energy produced. These incentives were designed to decrease emissions by 15 mega tons in total.Promote Partnership FundDesigned to offer support to inter-government agreements, this fund offered cost sharing in order to sustain initiatives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Cash was directed towards aiding the province of Ontario to close coal-fired power plants which were among the worst emitters.This had the potential to offer 10% of the reductions promised as part of Canada’s Kyoto commitment of 6%. The Partnership Fund was also to offer financial support to Quebec f or executing its own climate change plan and also to help other provinces in decreasing their own emissions. These initiatives have the potential to reduce anywhere between 55 and 85 mega tons of greenhouse emissions.Promote ProgramsThis initiative has as part of it the Ener Guide program for homes and residential estates. It also promotes incentives for motorists to adopt more energy efficiency practices.As a result of the high success rate in the Ener Guide program, the government decided to channel in another $225 million in the program as part of budget in 2005 in order to increase 4 times the number of residential properties that had been retrofitted from 125,000 to half a million.One more initiative that found a lot of success was EGLIH (Ener Guide for Low Income Households) which was started in 2006. This program was designed to pay the full cost for energy efficiency upgrades to those found to qualify as low-income households. These programs are expected to result in a net d ecrease of 40 mega tons over a period of 5 years.Promote the One-Tonne ChallengeDesigned as a public education program, it called for all Canadians to reduce their annual emissions of greenhouse gases from five tons to four tons. The exception for this program is to reduce emission by a total of 5 mega tons.Promote the Climate FundThis fund was set up to establish a permanent institution that would buy emissions reduction as well as removal credits on behalf of the federal government. The Climate Fund was to buy credits from domestic as well as international sources which were recognized as well as approved under the Kyoto Protocol. This program is expected to result in a net decrease of 75 to 115 mega tons in emissions.Negative impact of Kyoto protocolThe federal government allocated a billion dollars in the year 2003 in order to phase in the Kyoto protocol and to reach the target of cutting emissions by eight percent of the total target. Compliance of the Kyoto agreement is admini stered by an institution called Environment Canada.This particular agency funded close to a hundred and fifty million dollars or roughly eighteen percent of the annual allocation of $841 million. By employing this as the standard, the cost to administer the Kyoto agreement was put at 1.18 billion dollars and this was to be funded by collecting taxes.

1. How Does Tim Blake Nelson Represent the Character of Hugo

Tim Blake Nelson’s film â€Å"O†, modernised the original Elizabethan play Othello into a 21st century American film to suite the values and society of the modern audiences. It becomes noticeable in the film that Hugo is always disconnected and shows his deceptiveness through manipulating Odin. Hugo’s family relationship highlights his jealousy for Odin as his own father, who is also the coach of the basketball team, devotes more time and shows only love for Odin rather than his own son.This is noticeable through the scene when Hugo is having dinner with his parents, the close ups on each one’s faces portrays the awkward atmosphere. The mother’s facial expression portrays the innocence and weak female, whilst the father appears more dominant and confident. The awkwardness between family members show that Hugo is living in a unnatural and unloving environment which causes him to have resentment against Odin for taking his fathers love away. This prov ides us a reason why Hugo might hate Odin so much.In contrast, Iago shows jealousy towards Othello, but he is not jealous because of his profession, it is just the fact that a dumber, black person is giving orders to him to do things. Shakespeare emphasis Iago’s hatred for Othello because his simply black and different. We only know that Iago is simply evil and deceptive from the beginning. But, Tim Blake Nelson interprets in a different way by giving us the clue of Hugo’s jealousy thus manipulating the audience to have some sympathy for the antagonist as well.Also throughout the film, Tim Blake Nelson purposely makes Hugo to be disconnected from others to separate him. This is illustrated in the scene when the basketball team is having a meeting in a room and Hugo is noticeably furthest away from his father and rest of the teammates, crouching near the door by himself. The use of long shot of Hugo represents his disconnection with others as it shows Hugo’s the nearby surroundings to exhibit that no one is sitting near him and thus suggesting that he is separated from others all the time.This is comparable with the original text and Iago’s disconnectedness with others. The use of soliloquy by Iago throughout the text shows the power of being aside. He purposely separates himself to talk about his deceptive plans to manipulate Othello and, it is apparent that Iago is the only one that has a soliloquy. So it is apparent that Tim Blake Nelson has interpreted the notion of disconnection and applied film techniques to reinforce it.

Final project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final project - Assignment Example ective, this statement entails the improvement of social and cultural aspects of Terra Haute County by launching projects that preserve the environmental and by implementing apprenticeship programs that help prepare the young citizens in their future job applications. Looking at THDC’s organizational structure, its top management is comprised of senior planners and partner investors. Its middle management is made up of managers who lead THDC’s various business functions such as sales, marketing, and engineering. While THDC’s long-term and short-term corporate plans seem strategic, implementable, and results-driven, certain issues have arisen as regards its organizational development. Looking closely at the OD structure of THDC, it can be claimed that: (1) manpower pooling to fill in its sales department is relatively weak; (2) lack of competency development measures on middle management employees; (3) organizational unity and oneness has not been formed yet given the diversity of mindsets on the company’s culture and vision. Having a strong OD structure can influence the attainment of objectives set by any organization. Examining the current manpower pooling program at THDC, it seems obvious that the company emphasizes more on enriching its current business partnerships than investing in HR programs that encourage external job applications. Reviewing briefly the organization’s line up of offerings, it can be claimed that there is logic to this move. For one, THDC emphasizes on providing available commercial and industrial properties to business investors. The Vigo County Industrial Park, for example, features a 500-acre site with a functional underground power service, and ready-to-go services such as natural gas, sanitary sewer, potable water and fiber optic system (Terre Haute Economic Development Corporation, 2013). In addition to this, the Fort Harrison Business Park has greenfield sites that could be developed for new industrial

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 17

Project Management - Essay Example This event hoped to raise money for charity, will include many kinds of sporting activities including skiing, darting, water rowing, table tennis and somersaulting among others. The recruitment exercise for participants in each category will be done in good time and communicated to the entire community. Members of Grand Sunrise area will be requested to turn up for this great event. This year’s competitions are more than the ordinary since activities have been sponsored to 1200 Pounds enable more participation and contribution to the event. The event dubbed ‘run 360’ to take place on 15 July 2012 is aimed at making the participants complete a circle of every event performed. The participants will be awarded according to the performance. To make the sport lively, a live music band will be invited to grace the occasion and entertain guests while preparations to begin kicks off. The music band will be members of the oxygen band who happen to be from grand sunrise area. Upon completion of the event the patron will reward the winners and give a closing speech. The patron will also be expected to give an expenditure brief of what was raised, used and the balance which will be used to fund a project for the mentally challenged in Lower Norwich rehabilitation facility. The competition ‘run 360’ is expected to draw about 65 participants and about 800 spectators. Since the onset to the sporting activities, the youth have been upbeat and happy that their holidays are well spent and are taking it to the next level by not only participating but also making a contribution to charity of their choice. The schools management and government education department have regularly advised parents and guardians to support and engage their children in sports as a way of promoting teamwork, partnerships and acceptable behavior. The event will be poised to bond the youth, parents and other guests who will attend the event. To

High-Publicity Sexual Harassment Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High-Publicity Sexual Harassment Cases - Essay Example As a result, multinationals in America face high lawsuits, drop in employee productivity, loss of worker morale, and possible damage to firms local and international reputation (Harrington, P., & Lonsway, K. A. 2007). These in turn negatively affect the overall economy of the nation.  Despite the facts, recent high profile cases show that companies still overlook the risks and prefer taking chances. For instance, In 2008 Christina Rich received $5 million compensation for workplace sexual harassment. It took only two years and in 2010 David Jones’s CEO faced similar accusations by public relations worker Kristy Fraser-Kirk. Finally, in 2012 Vivienne Dye claims over the same problem against two managers in the banking industry was rejected. The phenomenon reflects a totally unacceptable workplace behavior. It presents the major violation of workers’ rights especially the women. In addition, it is against the federal law and human rights. Some of these impacts are long lasting and significantly affect company’s public image. For example, the case of Dov Charney and the American Apparel Inc. workers in 2014 are fresh on peoples mind. Charney was fired for misuse of company money and posting naked pictures of former female employees who sued him for sexual harassment on the Internet (Ream, A. K. 2014). Considering the occurrences, the acts are inhumane and outdated behaviors that promote moral erosion among the citizens.  An analysis of employee life before and after such incidences shows that the actual impact of sexual harassment on the behavior of the workforce is enormous. Often, the situations are extreme in that, some employees suffer the loss of dignity, humiliation, psychological injury, and damage to professional career and reputation. Unsurprisingly, the victims always have a dilemma to choose between their self-worth and work. In other circumstances, they face the tough decision between their own safety and jobs.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing - Essay Example The principle of the disc diffusion method is that when a filter disc is impregnated with a chemical that is placed on the agar, the chemical in the agar diffuses around the disc. The solubility of the chemical and its molecular size determines the size of the area if chemical infiltration around the disc. When an organism is placed on the agar around the disc, if it is susceptible to the chemical then there would be no growth around the area where the chemical is diffused and this area is called as the "zone o the inhibition". This inhibition can be measured and compared with a standard control strain and normal tables, Stokes and Kirby-Bauer method respectively. The factors that affect in this method are the concentration of the bacterial inoculums, the depth and types of agar, the incubation conditions and the time of incubation. All this factors should be always taken into account while performing the test. An alternative test that can be performed is the determination of the amount of antibiotic required to either inhibit the growth of organism or to kill the organism which is done by incubating a fixed concentration of the organism in increasing concentrations of antibiotics and checking for growth after 24h of incubation. The as3. Methods. The assigned culture was swabbed onto the agar plate in three directions for maximal coverage. The plates were allowed to settle for 10 mins, followed by impregnating the antibiotic discs by pushing the dispenser over the agar. The antibiotic and the disc code were noted and the plates were kept in incubator at 37C. 4. Results. The results obtained from Test 1 and Test 2 are displayed in Table 1 and 2 respectively. RESULTS: TEST 1 RESULTS: TEST 2 5. Discussion: Antibiotic susceptibility of given strain was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Disc diffusion method is widely used across the laboratory to determine the effect of any anti- microbial agents like antiseptics, antibiotics, bactericidal or bacteriostatic compound etc. To avoid any lab to lab variation standardized protocol was developed that was recommended by National Committee for Clinical laboratory standards like Meuller-Hilton Agar is used as growth medium; plates will be incubated at 37C for 18-24 hr, while turbidity of bacterial suspension will be set at 0.5 McFarland method or 1.0 OD by spectrophotometer. The biggest advantages of disc diffusion method over other methods are that it is rapid, efficient, cost effective and reliable. While there are certain limitation of this methods like any variation in cell number, incubation time, diffusibility of antibacterial compound, media etc, which leads to very high variation in final results. Similarly, it gives only quantitative idea and determination of bactericidal concentration or MIC need to be back calculated. For pathological determination serum to antibiotic ratio must be taken in to consideration to evaluate effective dose. In this practical, we evaluated three cultures for its Antibiotics susceptibility against various antibiotics. Among these Pseudomonas

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Project management - Essay Example The owner (occasionally also known as the client, if construction is being undertaken by a third party) tend to spend most of their time on stewarding to the managers. This means that the owners may not be focusing on quality nearly as it is expected of them (Othman, 2013). The second area that is challenging to the project managers is the cost of the project. In some cases, projects are commenced out with misrepresentation. The costs estimates for the project would be lower than the costs that can be used to bring to a completion the project (Couto, 2008). Last but not least, the contracting of work for a particular project can also present its own unique challenges. In an environment of limited labor and capitals, absence of competition in the contract bidding in the construction industry can upsurge the costs of the project (Othman, 2013). This absence of a modest bidding atmosphere can also be translated to mean that a parent company is not automatically getting the finest construction contractor for the project. The parent company would have no option but to settle for a mediocre contractor who may not perform their duties according to the laid down standards. This would potentially affect the quality of the final project. It is also of importance to note that contracts that are potentially reimbursable offer little or no incentive for the contractor concerned to undertake the work. This is due to job insecurity issues that would be involved with such kind of contracts. There are various management tools and methods that can be used to address these challenges. The plus, minus and interesting technique can be applied (Couto, 2008). This is a management tool whereby the pros and cons of a decision to construct a $ 60-million patient tower are appropriately considered before the decision can be made. Under this method, three columns are drawn which take into account the positive and negative points of a project as well as the uncertainties that may arise.

How cultural and personality differences impact on leadership in Essay

How cultural and personality differences impact on leadership in organizations - Essay Example This in turn is supposed to improve the organization's operational flexibility and thus the ability to deal with change. For the study of leadership, the above mentioned changes have led to the widespread adoption of empowerment strategies. Such an adoption is understandable: if one flattens an organization's structure, there is little choice but to empower the organisations lower-level workers with broader decision-making responsibilities. As a result, the traditional "limits to power" once designated by boundaries of hierarchy and rational authority are blurring [1]. This paper deals with the questions of leadership and how it is affected by culture and personality differences. The paper consists of three major parts, related respectively to leadership, culture and leadership, as well as personality and leadership, each chapter discussing theoretical concepts and empirical research. The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. ... Chapter 2: Transactional and transformational leadership The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. The transactional leadership theorists, including those theorists who explored the concept of leadership through the eyes of followers, explained leadership as contingent on a condition of transaction or exchange between leaders and followers. Alternatively, transformational leadership theory argues that "good" leadership is achieved through more than just tangible inducements. It suggested that leadership can be conceptually organized along a number of charismatic and situationally correlated dimensions [2]: charismatic leadership, inspirational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration (See Table 1). The culture-based theorists viewed leadership as being culturally specific, where "good" leadership, among other things, primarily depends on whether or not a leader's style is in synchronization with hi s or her organization's culture [1]. The transformational leader has been characterized as one who articulates a vision of the future that can be shared with peers and subordinates, intellectually stimulates subordinates, and pays high attention to individual differences among people. This transformational leader was posited as a contrast to the transactional leader who exchanges rewards contingent upon a display of desired behaviours [3]. Burns considered the transformational leader to be distinct from the transactional leader, where the latter is viewed as a leader who initiates contact with subordinates in an effort to exchange something of value, such as rewards for

King Aegeus - Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

King Aegeus Greek Mythology Essay Even though many believe mythology was written just to satisfy, it actually serves as an explanation. These tales written by Ancient Greeks were not written just to entertain, but for a purpose. Mythology is an important factor which helps discover secrets of our race. Using these myths, natural phenomena is explained, morality is taught, and man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears are revealed. Still today these stories are looked at to explain everyday events. An example of mythology unlocking keys to the human race is when natural phenomena is explained. In the story of Theseus, his father, King Aegeus, kills himself and falls into a body of water which is now known as the Aegean Sea (Hamilton 152). King Aegeus shows the love he has for Theseus by committing suicide when he believes his beloved son was killed in the Labrynith. The Greeks celebrate his life by naming the Aegean Sea after him. In addition to this incidence, the explanation of seasons is given using the tale of Demeter, â€Å"Demeter did not refuse, poor comfort though it was that she must lose Persephone for four months every year and her young loveliness go down to the world of the dead,† (Hamilton 53). When Demeter is without her daughter, whom she loves dearly, for four months, she becomes very unhappy. As a result of her depression, the earth becomes cold for this time period, thus making the season of winter. Certainly mythology is a great source of justification for the unexplainable. Not only does mythology explain natural phenomena, it also teaches morality in many of the myths. For example, in the story of Daedalus, he warns his son not to fly too high because the heat of the sun will melt the glue on his wings and he will fall, but Icarus gets caught up with having the ability to fly, disregards his father’s advice, and ends up falling into the sea (Hamilton 139-140). The moral portrayed in the story is that children need to obey their elders, for they have more life experiences and wisdom. When Icarus does not listen to his father, fate is not kind to him. Another situation that depicts a significant lesson is the one that takes place in Perseus’s story when Queen Cassiopeia boasts her daughter, Andromeda, to be more beautiful than the daughters of Nereus. This angers the gods and they send a man eating serpent to Ethiopia which can only be freed by the sacrifice of Andromeda (Hamilton 146). The message of this myth is that being prideful is dangerous and can cause people to perform harmful actions towards the boasting party. Often times, individuals are proud of what they have and flaunt their possessions for attention, when it is better to just sit quiet and let others realize it themselves. Clearly, the morals taught in mythology were relevant to life then and are still relevant in life today. The final function mythology serves is being able to explore man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears. This is displayed in Thisbe and Pyramus’s tale when their ashes are put together in the urn so that they will be together forever (Hamilton 103). In life, it is one’s dream to be with their loved one for as long as they are alive. It is very common when a couple dies that they want to be buried together in the hopes that even death will not be able to separate them. Friendship is a relationship similar to marriage that is highly valued and is demonstrated when Hercules leaves the Argonauts to go look for his best friend, Hylas (Hamilton 120). It is not like Hercules to abandon such a journey that would make him even look even more heroic, but his friendship with Hylas takes priority over the voyage for the Golden Fleece. The force present in friendship is so strong that one will do almost anything for the other. Without a doubt mythology provides many of examples of man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears. Obviously mythology can be used in many ways to explain everyday happenings. Whether it is natural phenomena, morality, or man’s hopes and fears, mythology plays an important role. The mythological stories, written by the ancient Greeks, often parallel events that happen today. Studying more in depth of these myths might lead to a better perception of life now. Work Cited Hamilton, Edith. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin Group, 1940. Print. 13-315.

Panera Bread Essay Example for Free

Panera Bread Essay What are the Panera Bread’s primary sources of competitive advantage? In your judgment, are these sources of advantages sustainable? Why or why not? Panera’s primary sources of competitive advantage are: (1) the distinctive nature of its bakery products, (2) its brand strength, (3) the atmosphere of its restaurants, and (4). its position in the restaurant industry Yes,Panera Bread Co. (NASDAQ: PNRA) operates the signature restaurant chain Panera Bread, selling hand-crafted breads, sandwiches, salads, and drinks. Panera Bread bakery-cafes are often associated with the concept of â€Å"fast casual†, a mixture between fast food and more upscale casual dining. Customers still pay for their food at the counter, like a traditional fast food restaurant, but Panera arranges tables and chairs to be conducive to group meetings. Most Panera Bread restaurants are located in suburban strip malls and regional malls. As of December 29, 2009, Panera had 1,380 bakery-cafes, spanning 38 states, as well as some locations in Canada. Traditionally, companies like Panera have suffered in recessions, which decrease the frequency with which consumers eat out at restaurants. 1] However, Panera’s strategy during the recession has been â€Å"to stay consistent and not to react to the recession†, keeping costs constant and offering new salads and sandwiches. [2] As a result, Panera’s â€Å"fast casual† niche (between casual dining and fast food) contributes to its relative success; this positioning allowed it to avoid discounting wars and maintain its margins by attracting customers with a higher quality product perceived to be a good value for the money. Panera bread has a great meal of Bacon Turkey Bravo with 28G of fat per meal.

Virtual Reality in Education

Virtual Reality in Education Abstract This project consists in introduce more the technology in Education with Virtual Reality. This study shows the problems with the education around the world, differents learning style and understand and take advantage of the characteristic of Virtual Reality offer for learning. This video game allows learning in an interactive way since we can learn use all feels that are auditive, visual and kinesthetic methods. To identify the problems with skills of different students, we found and think that Virtual Reality is a creative an innovative form to learn. It will permit finish with the antiquated methods to learn. Virtual Reality: A creative and innovative form to learn How can Virtual Reality help to improve the education? Many countries around the world continue to use antiquoted methods for learning. It is no good for the students because they do not learn all of knowledge that the teacher theach in class. For that throughout years technology has been a great help for teach to the students in a good way. However, this time Virtual Reality has been implemented like new technology. The caracteristic that it has can be implement in education because with this tool the students can learn by using their senses like hearing, sight and touch. Therefore Virtual Reality is one of the most deviceful tools for schools to teach natural sciences since it is an innovative way of teaching, it uses technological elements and it adjusts to students different learning styles. Innovative Education Several countries like Perà º are implemented new methods in education. In this case Perà º has an innovative way to teach that consist in blended learn its mean that they combine two methods to learning, traditional and each student deliver the content in online way (Segal, 2016). Likewise the Virtual Reality is an innovative and creative form to teach because it permit work in others enviroments such as a person can stay in a rocky mountain and learn about this place. Moreover, the student that use this tools can learn through experiences since it tool is able to do that the person can inmerse in the scene and learn to the sound, imagens and weave. Finally, the students can improve their knowledge with diferents innovative tools like Virtual Reality that with its characteristics can teach to the playful way. Furthermore, Virtual Reality are being implemented by many enterprises such as Google that created a Expeditions, it is proyect of this enterprise that consist in take a students to new place with help to cardboard that is a glasses in Virtual Reality (Wikipedia, 2017). Expedition is constitute in know the places which are considered World Heritage like egyptian pyramids, Galapagos island in Ecuador, Rune of Machu Picchà º in Perà º and a lot of more places around the world. Consecuently, it will have that the students can inmerse and learn about these places for experience way. As well as Discovery Virtual Reality has a project that consist in show the life of elephants in South Africa. For this reason Virtual Reality is a excellent tools to teach with a innovative way, because of this there are already enterprises that use this mechanism for a better teaching and soon Virtual Reality will be more popular in educatives institutions for its many aplication. Uses of Technological Elements The 40% of students who graduated does not recive a quality education and always have fault in education (Segal, 2016). This mean that not all knowledge is acquired by students. For this reason, technology in this time is necessary because it can help with education such as improve the productivity in the classroom or also increse the attention and motivation in the students. However, technology have alredy implemented in enducation in many time ago like calculator, printer, old computers used by teacher. But with throughout years technology have improved and now there are internet, movil technology like ipads or cellphones, virtual classrooms such as Google Classroom. All of this news technological tools are a good way to make homeworks or investigation. Therefore introduce new technology in education for improving teaching like the internet, virtual classroom or Virtual Reality are tools for learning more about the differents subjects that are difficult to understand. Likewise, combine traditional classroom with technology like computer plus board, or us application in cellphone to learn something such as Duolingo that is a video game in cellphone that help yo to learn diferents languages. According to Segal (2016), in 2012 the company of Duolingo implemented this app in schools for that the students can learn with new methods and they see that the students are feeling more motivate and their concentrated was better. Additionally, Virtual Reality can be used in chemestry laboratory of educative institution for see how work an experiment without any risk. It is because this innovative tools permit to work whit interactive way and immerse totally in environment that you are. In conclusion, there are a lot of possibilities to use the technology like element for teach and learn in the classroom. Adjusts to students different learning styles According Wikipedia (2016), Sà ³crates was the creator about a new method of learning that deduction. This method consist that all of knowledge can be learned by reasoning way. It means that the knowledge learn better when the things are reasoned but not to much when are memorized. Moreover, each one of people learn in differents way. There are people that learn better when they see the things, other people learn better with sounds, and other people learn when they touch the things. For this reason, the knowledge in this paper are clasificated in three different learning style that are auditory, visual and kinesthetic. But the Virtual Reality combine those three learning styles. Auditory According to Lake Superior State University (There is not the year), approximately 30% of the people learn keep information after hear somethig. This learners prefer to talk or hear about a subject. They can memorize of sound easily and improve their knowledge through spoken class and then with interaction with another person. Therefore, this kind of learners prefer have sound around him because they concentrat better. Kinesthetic Almost 5% of people can learn when touch something ot pick up the things (Lake Superior State University). This kind of people learn better when make the things after that learn them. Also, they can develop their knowledge for example if their study rocks, the kinesthetic person could understand better than the another learning styles. Consecuently, this people need blocks or anything that they can learn about its texture or shape. Visual Approximately 65% of people can learn better when see photographs, picture, diagrams or notes (Lake Superior State University). This Kind of population prefer demonstration and they are be able of imagine the information visually. The student that has this hability will have more adventege with the other students because in class normally learning that the teacher does. In conclution, the people that have this learning styles can be better than the students that learn with auditory and kinesthetic. Nevertheless, all of this diferent learning styles can developt with Virtual Reality because it consist in helpmet that the content can be seen and listened by this helpment. Likewise, it has a glove where you can feel the texture and shape. This permit that the students have a interaccion and immerse with the environment of Virtual Reality as if it were the real world. For example, a laboratory, a rocky mountain, be inside a cell. Finally, there are a lot of possibilities with this innovative and creative tool to teach. Conclusion In conclusion, throughout years the technology has been improved and it had been a great help in education such as Virtual Reality. This tool can tech to the innovative way like natural science and it adjust with the differents learning styles. This investigation show that combines the traditional methods with the technology could be the key for improve the education around the world but is necessary follow with the investigation because still not exist enough relationship with Virtual Reality and education, but how technology is advancing soon the Virtual Reality can be seen in many schools around the world.

Which Paper Towel Works Best -- science

Which Paper Towel Works Best When you come to the paper towel aisle in the grocery store do you ever get frustrated and annoyed by all the brands to choose from? Every brand is telling you that they are the strongest and that their brand will absorb the fastest. Have you ever actually taken the time to figure out which brand is indomitable and absorbs the quickest? Well today I will fill you in on this mysterious secret and tell you not only which brand is not lying to you but also which brand you are getting your money’s worth and if paying that extra dollar is worth the name brand I think that the most expensive paper towel will be the strongest based on an ice cube suspended over a paper towel over a bowl held by a rubber band. The materials that I used in this experiment were six different bands of paper towels; Scott, Giant Eagles â€Å"Clean and Tuff†, So- Dri, Brawny, Viva, and Bounty. I also used twelve 88.7 milliliter dixie cups, 50 milliliters of red colored water and a freezer holding the temperature of a negative twenty degrees Celsius. In addition I used a plastic bowl with the dimension of 18 by18 millimeters. And finally I had a piece of elastic string. The procedure for my experiment was not too difficult it just took quite a bit of time. I started with a paper towel, an 18 by 18-millimeter bowl and a rubber band. I also had twelve 88.7-milliliter dixie cups filled with 50 milliliters of frozen, red colored water. The first step in this experiment was ...

Slaughterhouse-Five: The Novel and the Movie Essay -- Movie Film compa

Slaughterhouse-Five: The Novel and the Movie In 1972 director George Roy Hill released his screen adaptation of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (or The Children's Crusade; A Duty Dance With Death). The film made over 4 million dollars and was touted as an "artistic success" by Vonnegut (Film Comment, 41). In fact, in an interview with Film Comment in 1985, Vonnegut called the film a "flawless translation" of his novel, which can be considered an honest assessment in light of his reviews of other adaptations of his works: Happy Birthday, Wanda June (1971) "turned out so abominably" that he asked to have his name removed from it; and he found Slapstick of Another Kind (1984) to be "perfectly horrible" (41,44). (This article was writen prior to Showtime's Harrison Bergeron, and Fine Line's Mother Night). A number of other Vonnegut novels have been optioned, but the film projects have either been abandoned during production or never advanced beyond an unproduced screenplay adaptation, indicating the difficulty of translating Vonnegut to the silver screen. So why does Slaughterhouse-Five succeed where others fail? The answer lies in how the source is interpreted on screen. Overall, while there are some discrepancies that yield varying results, the film is a faithful adaptation that succeeds in translating the printed words into visual elements and sounds which convincingly convey the novel's themes. While Vonnegut's literary style is very noticeable in Slaughterhouse-Five, the novel as a whole differs from the majority of his other works because it is personal with an interesting point of view techniq... ...kle every time I watch that film, because it is so harmonious with what I felt when I wrote the book" (Film Comment 41). Whether or not someone who has not read the novel could get some meaning from the film is hard to decide, but if one considers that it would take just about as long to watch the movie as it would to read the book, the decision should be obvious. Works Cited Bianculli, David. "A Kurt Post-mortem on the Generally Eclectic Theatre." Film Comment Nov.-Dec. 1985: 41-44. Loeb, Monica. Vonnegut's Duty-Dance With Death. UMEA, 1979. Nelson, Joyce. "Slaughterhouse-Five: Novel and Film." Literature/Film Quarterly. 1 (1973): 149-153. Slaughterhouse-Five, dir. George Roy Hill, with Michael Sacks, Universal Pictures, 1972. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Dell Publishing, 1968.

My Favourite Hobby

Good afternoon to all the judges, teachers, fellow contestants and audiences. I would grasp this honor today to tell about my favorite hobby. A hobby is a kind of amusement, an interesting pursuit which fruitfully occupies our leisure hours. There are many kinds of hobbies like collecting things, games and sports, photography, painting, reading or even gardening. Hobbies may be constructive, lucrative or even useful, but what really matters is that they provide constructive and interesting recreation. My favorite hobby is collecting stamps. I have a lovely album in which I fix the stamps.I have separate pages for each country. I also have separate pages for stamps on birds, animals, great leaders, historical movements and others. I have about 4000 stamps in all. My friends and relatives who are not stamp collectors will collect stamps for me. This has helped me to collect stamps from all over the world. I also exchange stamps with my friends. Whenever I get two or three identical sta mps, I immediately try to exchange them for one that I do not have. I have managed to collect some very rare and old stamps. Whenever the postal department issues a new stamp or a commemorative stamp, I will see that I buy them.There are many benefits from stamp collecting. The birds, fishes, dresses, people, buildings and other emblems on the stamps tell us about various countries, their culture, the lifestyles of the people and other things. It thus broadens our mental horizons and gives us a peep into history. Whenever I glance through my stamp album and look at my rare collections, I am filled with a sense of pride and joy. My hobby fills my leisure hours with interest and keeps my mind well occupied. My hobby will continue and with the passage of time, I am sure that I will have an extraordinary large stamp collection.

Mba Human Resource

Master of Business Administration-MBA Semester 1 MB0038 – Management Process and Organization Behavior – 4 Credits (Book ID: B1127) Assignment Set- 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q. 1Write a note on classical era for evolution for Organizational behavior. In the early twentieth century, early studies in the complexities of organizational activity got underway. Initial studies were mostly mechanical. Being treated like machines, the humans were subjected to close scrutiny and study.The aspects studied were how the human behaved during regular applied testing of a person's responses to stimuli. Another stream of ideas that were part of study organizations were divided according to their political preferences, and the various levels of management throughout the entire organizations. Unfortunately there was a limitation to both of these because they did not bear in mind the interaction between the two connected streams but treat ed each as a separate entity. Parts of the History of Organizational Behavior Studies can be seen during the 1890's.During this time scientific management was viewed as the best way to run an organization. An organization that in its' course of action adheres to a set of guidelines and guides itself on findings of time and motion studies, is bound to achieve greater levels of productivity – claimed the advocates of this system. It became clear that organizations were centered on interactive groups of their members, and a more humanistic view needed to be formulated as psychology and analysis as a means of understanding human behavior became more sophisticated.By understanding and using psychology productivity will improve tremendously. The Human Relations Movement, as it was called in the beginning of the 20th century, brought focus on collaboration, influence, and the aspect of particular persons understanding the intent of the organization. By the Second World War, a paradi gm shift had occurred in the study of organizational behavior. The new buzzword was operations research, and more and more people became interested in sciences, systems theories, complexity theories and strategies.At the time, James March and Herbert Simon were leading experts in the field. Many theories were coming forth as the seventies came around. More often than not the basis for this was quantitative research and interconnected realms of psychology. By the 1980s how important the cultures of different organizations was emphasized instead of the amount and quality of the research. Anthropology was but one of many fields being added into studies about organizational behaviors. Presently any managerial course has organizational behavior studies as its integral part.As part of the curriculum many business schools now include this and related courses in fields such as industrial psychology. The name of the person who runs the History of Organizational Behavior Studies internet site is Patricia Jones. com. See more on Organizational Behaviors. This article may only be used if the author bio and links are included. Q. 2what is groupthink. Explain. Groupthink is â€Å"a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures†. Thus, the overemphasis on consensus and agreement leads members to be unwilling to evaluate group members’ ideas critically.This hinders decision-making and becomes an obstacle to group productivity. Certain conditions favor the development of groupthink. i) The first condition is high cohesiveness. Cohesive groups tend to avoid conflicts and to demand conformity. ii) The second is other antecedents including directive leadership, high stress, insulation of the group and lack of methodical procedures for developing and evaluating alternatives. A group suffering from groupthink displays recognizable symptoms. Symptoms of Groupthink and how to Prevent It Illusions of invulnerabi lity: Group members feel they are above criticism. This symptom leads to excessive optimism and risk taking. * Illusions of group morality: Group members feel they are moral in their actions and therefore above reproach. This symptom leads the group to ignore the ethical implications of their decisions. * Illusions of unanimity: Group members believe there is unanimous agreement on the decisions. Silence is misconstrued as consent. * Rationalization: Group members concoct explanations for their decisions to make them appear rational and correct.The results are that other alternatives are not considered, and there is an unwillingness to reconsider the group’s assumptions. * Stereotyping the enemy: Competitors are stereotyped as evil or stupid. This leads the group to underestimate its opposition. * Self-censorship: Members do not express their doubts or concerns about the course of action. This prevents critical analysis of the decisions. * Peer pressure: Any members who expre ss doubts or concerns are pressured by other group members, who question their loyalty. * Mind guards: Some members take it upon themselves to protect the group from negative feedback.Group members are thus shielded from information that might lead them to question their action. Guidelines for Preventing Groupthink * Ask each group member to assume the role of a critical evaluator by actively voicing objections or doubts. * Have the leader avoid stating his or her position on the issue prior to the group decision. * Create several groups that work on the decision simultaneously. * Bring in outside experts to evaluate the group process. * Appoint a devil’s advocate to question the group’s course of action consistently. Evaluate the competition carefully, posing as many different motivations and intentions as possible. * Once consensus is reached, encourage the group to rethink its position by re-examining the alternatives. 1. Social Loafing:  Social loafing occurs whe n one or more group members rely on the efforts of other group members and fail to contribute their own time, effort, thoughts or other resources to a group. This may create a real drag on the group’s efforts and achievements. When a group carries out a task, it is harder to attribute the group’s output to individual contributions.Some group members may engage in social loafing, or doing Less than their share of the work on the assumption that group’s results will not indicate the individual’s failure to contribute. A number of methods for countering social loafing exist, such as having identifiable individual contributions to the group product and member self-evaluation systems. For example, if each group member is responsible for a specific input to the group, a members’ failure to contribute will be noticed by everyone. If members must formally evaluate their contributions to the group, they are less likely to loaf. . Production Blocking:  Pro duction blocking is limiting another person’s output by getting in his or her way. Production blocking occurs when too many employees are trying to work in a given amount of space or when the organization has poorly planned the use of its facilities. It can also occur when the organization assigns more than the optimal number of employees to carry out a task. Q. 3Explain the process of negotiation. We can identify four basic steps in the negotiation process. They are: 1. Preparation:  Preparation for negotiations should begin long before the formal negotiation begins.Each party gathers information about the other side – its history, likely behavior, previous interactions and previous agreements reached by the parties. Each party polls its members to determine their wishes, expectations, and preferences regarding a new agreement. 2. Evaluation of Alternatives:  The two sides attempt to identify the bargaining range (i. e. , the range in which both parties would find an agreement acceptable). The bargainers determine the alternatives acceptable to them and also identify their best alternative if a negotiated settlement is not reached.Identifying a set of alternatives, including the best one, helps individuals determine whether to continue the negotiation or seek another course of action. Both the parties Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) needs to be determined. BATNA determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement for both the parties. 3. Identifying Interests:  Negotiators act to satisfy their own interests, which may include substantive, relationship, personal or organizational ones. The person or group must assess the other party’s interests and then decide how to respond to those interests in their offers.Effective negotiations call for satisfying interests by identifying and exploring a range of possible positions on specific issues. 4. Making Trade-offs and Creating Joint Gains:  Bargai ners use trade-offs to satisfy their own and others’ interests. Either position would meet the interests of maintaining a certain standard of living. One way to assess tradeoffs is * Begin by identifying the best and worst possible outcomes. * Next, specify what impact trade-offs will have on these outcomes. * Finally, consider whether the changed outcomes will better meet the parties’ interest.Negotiators need to overcome the idea that a fixed pie of outcomes exists, avoid non-rational escalation of conflict, pay attention to others’ cognitions and avoid devaluating the others’ concessions while overvaluing their own. Issues in Negotiation Some of the most important issues have been discussed below. 1. The role of personality traits in negotiation –  Overall assessments of the personality-negotiation relationship finds that personality traits have no significant direct effect on either the bargaining process or negotiation outcomes (Wall ;amp; B lum, 1991). . Gender differences in negotiations – Men and women do not negotiate differently. A popular stereotype is that women are more cooperative, pleasant, and relationship-oriented in negotiations than are men. The evidence does not support this. The belief that women are â€Å"nicer† is probably due to confusing gender and the lack of power typically held by women. (Stuhlmacher ;amp; Walters, 1999). 3. Cultural differences in negotiations – Negotiating styles clearly vary across national cultures (Adler, 2002).The cultural context of the negotiation significantly influences the amount and type of preparation for bargaining, the emphasis on task versus interpersonal relationships, the tactics used, etc. Q. 4 The environmental stressors have a great impact on work performance and adjustment of the individual in an organization. Discuss the different categories of environmental stressors. Environmental and internal conditions that lie beyond an individualâ €™s control are environmental stressors. Such stressors can have a considerable impact on work performance and adjustment. We can organize environmental stressors into the following categories: . Task Demands: Task demands are factors related to a person’s job. They include the design of the individual’s job, working conditions and the physical work layout. Changes and lack of control are two of the most stressful demands people face at work. Change leads to uncertainty, a lack of predictability in a person’s daily tasks and activities and may be caused by job insecurity related to difficult economic times. Technology and technological innovation also create change and uncertainty for many employees, requiring adjustments in training education and skill development.Lack of control is a second major source of stress, especially in work environments that are difficult and psychologically demanding. The lack of control may be caused by inability to influence th e timing of tasks and activities, to select tools or methods for accomplishing the work to make decisions that influence work outcomes, or to exercise direct action to affect the work outcomes. 2. Role Demands: The social-psychological demands of the work environment may be every bit as stressful as task demands at work.Role demands relate to pressures placed on a person as a function of the particular role he or she plays in the organization. Role conflict results from inconsistent or incompatible expectations communicated to a person. The conflict may be an inter role, intra-role or person-role conflict. a. Inter role Conflict: is caused by conflicting expectations related to two separate roles, such as employee and parent. For example, the employee with major sales presentation on Monday and a sick child at home is likely to experience inter-role conflict. b.Intra-role conflict: is caused by conflicting expectations related to a single role, such as employee. For example, the man ager who presses employees. c. Person-role Conflict: Ethics violations are likely to cause person-role conflicts. Employees expected to behave in ways that violate personal values, beliefs or principles experience conflict. The second major cause of role stress is role ambiguity. Role ambiguity is created when role expectations are not clearly understood and the employee is not sure what he or she is to do. Role ambiguity is the confusion a person experiences related to the expectations of others.Role ambiguity may be caused by not understanding what is expected, not knowing how to do it, or not knowing the result of failure to do it. 3. Inter-personal Demands: are pressures created by other employees. Lack of social support from colleagues stress, especially among employees with a high social need. Abrasive personalities, sexual harassment and the leadership style in the organization are interpersonal demands for people at work. a. The abrasive Person: May be an able and talented e mployee, but one who creates emotional waves that others at work must accommodate. b.Sexual Harassment: The vast majority of sexual harassment is directed at women in the workplace, creating a stressful working environment for the person being harassed, as well as for others. c. Leadership Styles: Whether authoritarian or participative, create stress for different personality types. Employees who feel secure with firm, directive leadership may be anxious with an open, participative style. Those comfortable with participative leadership may feel restrained by a directive style. 4. Physical Demands: Non-work demands create stress for people, which carry over into work environment or vice versa.Workers subject to create role conflicts or overloads that are difficult to manage. In addition to family demands, people have personal demands related to non-work organizational commitments such as religious and public service organizations. These demands become more or less stressful, dependin g on their compatibility with the person’s work and family life and their capacity to provide alternative satisfactions for the person. Q. 5 Given below are certain instances observed by a summer trainee – Ritu, while making an observational study at Global Green consultants.An organization dealing with recycling of plastic products waste etc. She makes the following observations about two key people in the organization. 1) Mr. Patnayak – He is a very friendly person and encourages his team members by giving those recommendations and appreciation. This helps HR to decide about giving a bonus or promotion to employees. 2) Mr. Dutta- He is an aggressive person. He frequently loses his temper. Ritu observes that he frequently punishes the non-performers and also gives them warnings regarding suspension etc. Now explain what base of power Mr. Patnayak and Mr.Dutta belong to. Explain the type of power they use often Ten Types of Power 1. Position. Some measure of pow er is conferred on the basis of one’s formal position in an organization. For example, a marketing manager can influence the decisions that affect the marketing department. However, the marketing manager has little power to influence the decisions that affect the finance department. 2. Knowledge or expertise. People who have knowledge or expertise can wield tremendous power. Of course, knowledge in itself is not powerful. It is the use of knowledge and expertise that confers power.Thus, you could be an incredibly bright person and still be powerless. 3. Character or ethics. The more trustworthy individuals are the more power they have in negotiations. The big issue here is whether they do what they say they are going to do—even when they no longer feel like doing it. 4. Rewards. People who are able to bestow rewards or perceived rewards hold power. Supervisors, with their ability to give raises, hold power over employees. Money can have power. But money, like anything else, holds very little power if it is not distributed. 5.Punishment. Those who have the ability to create a negative outcome for a counterpart have the power of punishment. Managers who have the authority to reprimand and fire employees hold this type of power. State troopers and highway patrol officers who have the ability to give out speeding tickets also have this power. 6. Gender. Dealing with someone of the opposite sex can confer power. We have videotaped many negotiation case studies in which the turning point came when a woman casually touched a man’s hand or arm to make her point. 7. Powerlessness.In some instances, giving up all power can be very powerful. If a kidnapper threatens a hostage with death enough times, the hostage may just challenge the kidnapper to go ahead and kill him. At the point that the hostage gives up power, or control over his own death, the kidnapper actually loses power. 8. Charisma or personal power. When we ask participants in our seminar s for examples of leaders who have had charisma or personal power, invariably the names of Mother Teresa, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan come up. When we ask, â€Å"What do all three of these leaders have in common? participants usually respond, â€Å"Passion and confidence in what they believe in. † 9. Lack of interest or desire. In negotiations, as in many other areas of life, the side with the least interest in what is being negotiated holds the most power. If you are buying a house and you really do not care if you purchase the house you are currently negotiating for or the one down the street, you will most likely hold more power in the negotiation—unless, of course, the sellers could care less if they sell the house today or live in it for another ten years! 10. Craziness.This may sound funny, but bizarre or irrational behavior can confer a tremendous amount of power. Every organization has someone who blows up or behaves irrationally when confronted with pr oblems. Those who have been exposed to this type of behavior tend to avoid such individuals. As a result, these individuals are not given many tasks to accomplish because others are afraid to ask them. Leadership style influence level of motivation. However, throughout a lifetime, man’s motivation is influenced by changing ambitions and/or leadership style he works under or socializes with.Command-and-control leadership drains off ambition while worker responsibility increases ambition. Leadership Style versus Motivation| Leadership Style| Motivation Type| Motivation is Based on:| Personality Type| Efficiency| Limited supervisionWorker with decision making responsibility| Self motivated| Creativity| Leader of ideas or people. Independent AchieverThrives on change| High| | Team motivated| | | | Mixed styles| Goal motivated| Opportunity| Personality type and efficiency depends on leader's skill and/or the work environment he's created. | | Reward motivated| Materialism| | Recog nition motivated| Social status| | High level of supervisionCommand-and-control| Peer motivated| To be like others| Status quo DependencyResist change| Low| | Authority motivated| Follows policy| | | | Threat, fear motivated| Reacts to force| | | * Self-motivated or visionaries will not accept authority controlled environments. They will find a way to escape if trapped. * In a team-motivated environment, dependency types will become inspired and strive to be acceptable with independent thinking coworkers. * Associates influence the level of individual motivation. Reaction to ChangeCommand-and-control leadership is the primary style in our society. It is accepted because efficiency is created by repetitive action, teaching people to resist change. Once acquiring a skill, they do not want to learn another. The worker adapts to level three with an occasional trip to level two. Worker responsibility is just the opposite; it motivates people to thrive on change by seeking challenges, fin ding ways to achieve goals. Level one is the leader of changing technology, finding ways to create efficiency. Reaction to Efficiency The efficiency of advancing technology is forcing change.It is up to the individual or business to decide which side of change they want to be on, the leading edge or trailing edge. The leading edge is exciting while the trailing edge is a drag. Playing catch-up drains motivation while leaders of change inspire motivation. With today’s changing technology, an individual must be willing to abandoned old skills and learn new ones. The ability to adapt is achieved through self-development programs. Because level one thrives on change, they adapt to whatever methods gets things done with the least amount of effort.This brings us to work habits. In level one, management and front line workers, together, are searching for ways to solve and prevent problems. Decisions are made on the front line where alternative methods are analyzed. Being able to pre vent problems is a motivating force. In level three management makes all decision, as a result, management must find ways to solve all problems and find alternative methods. Front line employees may be aware conflicts, but they don’t have the authority to take action and have learned not to be concerned.Supervisors are only concerned with elements that management thinks are important. Under command-and-control leadership, management considers the opinions or concerns of people on the front line to be trivial. As a result, management takes action only when problems become too big to ignore. If workers have conflicts with their supervisors, they will find ways to increase the magnitude of problems, creating a combative environment. A downward spiral of management implementing more control and workers resisting control develop.Under worker responsibility, management and workers unite to prevent or solve problems. Team MotivatedElementary problems are prevented or solved at the s ource. Getting the job done is the primary goal of management and workers. | Dependency of AuthorityElementary are dealt with by management when large enough to be recognized. | Abused WorkersLack of leadership skills and the desire for power creates elementary problems. Managers focus on worker control. Getting the job done is down the list. Workers goal is to find ways to do little as possible.   | Command and Control Leadership – Problems are always out of control. | Reaction to Learning Habits In level two, young workers are establishing work habits, developing attitudes and learning a professional skill. Out of training and on the job, motivation level will depend on the leadership style they work under. Under command-and-control leadership, ambitions will be associated with maintaining the status quo. Under worker responsibility, ambitions will be associated with opportunity. They will continually expand their skills as the need or as opportunity arises.Reaction to Go als Self-motivated people are goal motivated. Once they conquer one goal, they establish another. Every goal is a learning process that requires all the elements in level one. Companies that attract and keep this type of person stay on the leading edge of technology. The CEO is a visionary in customer service and employee leadership. The employees' goals are the same as the CEO’s. If the CEO desires control, then he will lead in such a way that trains subordinates to lead by control. As a result, the employees' goals are quitting time and payday. Reaction to RecognitionRecognition is important; it builds positive self-esteem. By itself, its benefits are short lived. Long-term benefits are achieved when the employee feels the job could not have been done without them. This means they were faced with a challenge, which means, they had the responsibility and authority to take action. This environment is found in level one. Self Motivated Projects Self-motivated projects' is the ability to start and finish what one has started. Most people, working alone, do not finish what they start. The ability to finish challenging projects is the secret to being a winner.First requirement is interest, then asking questions which inspires' the learning process. With information, a challenge is presented and a goal set. When action is taken, the barriers of persistence, risk, fear and failure become a challenge by itself. Self-motivated projects are difficult because no one cares if they succeed, which is another barrier. This is why most people quit before they get a good start. People, who find ways to overcome barriers and hang in there, are the winners. They develop skills and confidence, which are required steps to larger projects.Team Motivated Projects Everyone can be inspired to achievement in a team-motivated environment. With a common goal, team members support each other until success is achieved. In this environment, others do care and team members are needed for achieving the goal. For this reason, team motivation is extremely powerful. The exchange of ideas, information and testing the results, adds to the motivating force. As a result, each member seeks to be a leader of quality input. Q. 6 â€Å"Fashion4now† is a famous and old magazine. The top management decides to start the e- edition of the magazine.They also decide the redefine the policies and culture of â€Å"Fashion4now† To start implementing this change, they frequently call meetings of employees. They have also formed groups at different levels to clarify doubts and explain the perspective of change. Analyze the situation in the context of organizational change and elaborate why the top management is following the discussed practices and what approach is most evident in the context. Typically, the concept of organizational change is in regard to organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as adding a new person, modifying a program, etc.Examp les of organization-wide change might include a change in mission, restructuring operations (e. g. , restructuring to self-managed teams, layoffs, etc. ), new technologies, mergers, major collaborations, â€Å"rightsizing†, new programs such as Total Quality Management, re-engineering, etc. Some experts refer to organizational transformation. Often this term designates a fundamental and radical reorientation in the way the organization operates. The levels of organizational change Perhaps the most difficult decision to make is at what â€Å"level† to start.There are four levels of organizational change: First let's describe these levels, and then under what circumstances a business should use them. Level 1- shaping and anticipating the future At this level, organizations start out with few assumptions about the business itself, what it is â€Å"good† at, and what the future will be like. Management generates alternate â€Å"scenarios† of the future, defin es opportunities based on these possible futures, assesses its strengths and weaknesses in these scenarios changes its mission, measurement system etc.More information on this is in the next article, â€Å"Moving from the Future to your Strategy. † Level 2 – defining what business (as) to be in and their â€Å"Core Competencies Many attempts at strategic planning start at this level, either assuming that 1) the future will be like the past or at least predictable; 2) the future is embodied in the CEO's â€Å"vision for the future†; or 3) management doesn't know where else to start; 4) management is too afraid to start at level 1 because of the changes needed to really meet future requirements; or 5) the only mandate they have is to refine what mission already exists.After a mission has been defined and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is completed, an organization can then define its measures, goals, strategies, etc. More infor mation on this is in the next article, â€Å"Moving from the Future to your Strategy. † Level 3 – Reengineering (Structurally Changing) Your Processes Either as an aftermath or consequence of level one or two work or as an independent action, level three works focuses on fundamentally changing how work is accomplished.Rather than focus on modest improvements, reengineering focuses on making major structural changes to everyday with the goal of substantially improving productivity, efficiency, quality or customer satisfaction. To read more about level 3 organizational changes, please see â€Å"A Tale of Three Villages. † Level 4 – Incrementally Changing your Processes Level 4 organizational changes are focusing in making many small changes to existing work processes. Oftentimes organizations put in considerable effort into getting every employee focused on making these small changes, often with considerable effect.Unfortunately, making improvements on how a buggy whip for horse-drawn carriages is made will rarely come up with the idea that buggy whips are no longer necessary because cars have been invented. To read more about level 4 organizational changes and how it compares to level 3, please see â€Å"A Tale of Three Villages. †   Some General Guidelines to Organization-Wide Change 1. Consider using a consultant. Ensure the consultant is highly experienced in organization-wide change. Ask to see references and check the references. 2. Widely communicate the potential need for change.Communicate what you're doing about it. Communicate what was done and how it worked out. 3. Get as much feedback as practical from employees, including what they think are the problems and what should be done to resolve them. If possible, work with a team of employees to manage the change. 4. Don't get wrapped up in doing change for the sake of change. Know why you're making the change. What goal(s) do you hope to accomplish? 6. Plan the chang e. How do you plan to reach the goals, what will you need to reach the goals, how long might it take and how will you know when you've reached your goals or not?Focus on the coordination of the departments/programs in your organization, not on each part by itself. Have someone in charge of the plan. 7. End up having every employee ultimately reporting to one person, if possible, and they should know who that person is. Job descriptions are often complained about, but they are useful in specifying who reports to whom. 8. Delegate decisions to employees as much as possible. This includes granting them the authority and responsibility to get the job done.As much as possible, let them decide how to do the project. 9. The process won't be an â€Å"aha! † It will take longer than you think. 10. Keep perspective. Keep focused on meeting the needs of your customer or clients. 11. Take care of yourself first. Organization-wide change can be highly stressful. 12. Don't seek to control change, but rather to expect it, understand it and manage it. 13. Include closure in the plan. Acknowledge and celebrate your accomplishments. 14. Read some resources about organizational change, including new forms and structures

Movie Analysis of Gender Stereotyping: Antz Essay

In the movie ‘Antz’, we encountered blatant examples of prejudice based on three societal classifications: race, class, and gender. This movie appeared to be completely unintentional in the portrayal of the stereotypes, yet it is the completely benign nature of their usage which is of interest. Did Dreamworks SKG draw up the plot and characters around these stereotypes to draw the audience closer and encourage acceptance, or are these characteristics so deeply ingrained that they appeared haphazardly? Likely, we will never know, but the appearance of this phenomena is cause for interest. The movie showed instances of gender stereotyping most strongly. Starting with the women characters, there is a laundry list of notable instances, but I will only name a few. We can start with Azteca, Z’s friend and fellow â€Å"worker†. While Z is a typical male who is competitive and wants to move up in the world, Azteca maintains a somewhat â€Å"typical† female response. Instead of encouraging him, she tells Z to just smile, and happily accept his place, even if it is an awful life where he is to literally digging ditches his whole life. This example simply highlight the stereotype that women can, in effect, be â€Å"yes men†, the phrase further illustrating the perception of weakness in females. Another time when this theme appeared was when the Queen was talking to her daughter, who was, in an old-school sort of way, betrothed to a man not of her choosing, the general. While the daughter complained, the Queen simply urged her to be complacent, and accept her fate, because it is â€Å"the best thing for everyone†. Another instance, and one which I found particularly hilarious, was the woman wasp(no coincidence there, of course). When Z and the princess were in trouble, she insisted to her husband that he help them, because it was the humanitarian thing to do. It was presented in such a way that harkened to the proverbial housewife image, whereby the female has nothing to do other than take care of the house and children, and as a pleasant little â€Å"hobby†, helps out humanitarian efforts to do some good for the world. With the men, the images were more plentiful, and more a-typical. The general  was a macho, power-hungry jerk, a seemingly perfect attitude for a man in this position. Z was, while more timid, an entrepreneur, striving to accomplish something in his life, and managed to become another male hero twice during the course of the film. In the bar, it was the men who started fighting, not women. Again, very typical. As a whole, Antz demonstrated how completely these stereotypes have permeated our culture, simply because, if we had not been watching this movie in an analytical way, the stereotypes would have floated past us, unnoticed.

Gattaca Essay Writing Notes

‘Gattaca presents a world destroyed by the pursuit of perfection. ‘ Do you agree? * What is the pursuit of perfection? * How is the world destroyed? * What is gattaca? 1) Everyone is the same there are no individuals – the people are sexless, no personality 2) The pursuit of perfection leaves people believing that their genetic make up is what lets them achieve their ambitions, they have low self esteem.People who fail to achieve perfectionism can suffer from a lot of mental pressure; also difficult to seek the much needed help from other people as people dislike to be seen as imperfect 3) Segregates the valids from the in-valids because valids are seen as perfection and in-valids, vermin. – lack of empathy and compassion. People who are not perfect are disadvantagd eg. Kids wanting to go to kinder Gattaca, the â€Å"not too distant† future world of Andrew Niccol, is a world that is destroyed by the pursuit of perfection due to the science of genetic selection.This is often resembled by the fact that there are no individuals, the beings in this movie are almost sexless, have a limited personality and behave in a uniform manner. It also leaves people believing that their genetic makeup is what allows them to achieve their ambitions, or in the case of Irene and Vincent, prevent them from achieving their life goals. Genetic selection also segregates the valids, people who have had their genetics chosen, and the in-valids, children from ‘faith births’ where their genetic selection was left up to fate.In today’s world, everyone is accepted as an individual and is nurtured; however in Gattaca, individuality almost ceases to exist. Society may be perceived as sexless and uniform, physically and emotionally. The people also lack personality and emotion; everyone acts the same, dresses the same and rarely show emotion. Throughout the movie whilst inside the world of Gattaca the true colours of various characters are r arely revealed.It isn’t until Vincent and Irene’s date that we see the real personality of both of these characters as they let loose and accept eachother for who they are despite the fact that both have imperfections, which often prevent them from being themselves and achieving their goals. The pursuit of perfection leaves the people of Gattaca believing that their genetic makeup is what can allow, or prevent them from achieving their ambitions. In this futuristic world, your blood is your resume â€Å"Blood has no nationality.As long as it has got what they’re looking for it’s the only passport you need†. As long as you have no imperfections and obtain the qualities that are required for a certain job you are almost guaranteed to get it. However in the case of Vincent, his genetics were determined by fate and the people around him always said that he would never be able to achieve his ambition of one day going into space because of his imperfecti ons as an in-valid. Early on he was told by one of the head’s of Gattaca â€Å"‘Look, the only way you will see the inside of a spaceship is if you’re cleaning it. . This quote only fuelled Vincent to strive until he won his battle. Vincent was strong and determined, even as a young child, and he went to massive lengths to ensure that he could live his life to the full, â€Å"So began the process of becoming Jerome† despite the fact that the pursuit of perfection caused his kind, in-valids, and valids to become strongly segregated and he suffered from a large amount of mental pressure. Genetic selection also causes a segregation issue in Gattaca.Valids, the people in society who have had their imperfections eliminated from their bodies, and In-valids, people who were born what is known today as â€Å"naturally† where their genetics are left up to fate. â€Å"We now have discrimination down to a science†. In-valids are treated as vermin and a re not accepted as a part of society. When the members of Gattaca are onto the fact that there is an in-valid working at the space station, * ‘We now have discrimination down to a science. ’ Intro must include:  Text/film title author/director, your response to the topic/contention (response to the question) Eg.In Niccol’s â€Å"not too distant† future world of Gattaca, your genetic make-up often makes it impossible for many to live their dreams. However, Vincent Freeman shows us that with determination and luck, ti is possible to achieve your ambitions. Other more genetically, able characters such as Anton, Irene and Jerome show that genes don’t always guarantee success. Para 1:  In the world of Gattaca, those with inferior genetic makeup generally find it close to impossible to control their destinies.Para 2:  Even those with superior genetic make-up sometimes struggle to achieve their goals in such a ‘perfect’ world. Eg. Irene, Anton, Jerome. (Lamars son) Para 3:  Genetic make-up can be overcome with determination and an element of luck. Eg. Vincent once he finds Jerome. Conclusion:  Sum up your contention – Avoid word for word re-stating it. Relate back to the question/essay topic and do not bring up new topics. *conclusion, not the same as contention, 40-50 words maximum *avoid saying â€Å"its impossible† and being too overpowering

Analysis of How the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Are Key Historical Events in the United States

Analysis of How the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Are Key Historical Events in the United States The Lewis and Clark expedition is a significant exploration in the history of the United States. It explored newly acquired land and helped promote westward expansion. It provided new information for cartography and taxonomy. In 1803 Thomas Jefferson acquired the Louisiana Territory. After having â€Å"offered to buy for $2 million only the region around the mouth of the Mississippi River, which included the port and city of New Orleans†, Napoleon countered the offer by offering to sell the entire Louisiana Territory for $15,000,000 which included the cancellation of all war debts. Though strict constructionist felt it was not in his right to acquire new land, Jefferson went ahead and made the purchase. John Quincy Adams later â€Å"criticized Jefferson for getting into office under the banners of state’s rights and state’s sovereignty†¦and immediately purchasing Louisiana† (Brown, 30). Later during the case of American Insurance Company v. Canter it was decided that â€Å"the Constitution confers absolutely on the government of the Union, the powers of making war, and of making treaties; consequently, that government possesses the power of acquiring territory, either by conquest or by treaty† After the Louisiana Purchase Jefferson commissioned his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis to head the expedition, Lewis then contracted his friend William Clark to co-captain the expedition. â€Å"Together they collected a diverse military Corps of Discovery† to help ensure the completion of the two year journey to the Pacific. One main thing that made the expedition a success was the helped they received from Indians. They would have starved or been killed if it wasn’t for Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian, â€Å"the Indians were inclined to believe that the whites were friendly when they saw Sacagawea. A war party never traveled with a woman, especially a woman with a baby.† The expedition made great contributions to cartography. â€Å"They prepared about 140 maps on the trail and collected some 30 maps from Indians, fur trappers, and traders†. Many of the maps they provided helped provide a more detailed look at the west, â€Å"including a greatly expanded view of the Rocky Mountains and a more accurate positioning of some of the western rivers†. The information these maps provided helped pave the way for westward expansion. Not only did the expedition provide advances in cartography, but it also provided information for taxonomy. The expedition documented â€Å"179 species of undocumented plants and trees† and provided the â€Å"first documentation of 122 species of animals, birds and fish†. With this information scientist were able to learn more about the land that had been conquered. Lewis and Clark also brought back to Jefferson a prairie dog as a gift, which did not exist in the east. The Lewis and Clark expedition is a significant moment in time because it helped provide a wealth of information about the New World. It helped improve relations with the Indians and helped to encourage westward expansion. It also provided the President with the power to purchase land for the United States. The Lewis and Clark will always be a lauded journey not only for the knowledge it provided, but also for the courage it took to venture out into the wilderness, not knowing what faced them.

Shifting the Social Balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Shifting the Social Balance - Essay Example This shift represents a major step in the development of civilization because it focuses on hard evidence, observable fact, and verifiable conclusions. Science opened up the possibility of questioning long-held beliefs and examining them for truth while the Enlightenment made it possible to hold these debates in public, even refuting concepts that proved inaccurate. Revolutionary tools and ideas illustrate how the Scientific Revolution influenced society while the Enlightenment firmly established science and reason as the only logical standard on which to base worldly human thought. Copernicus, somewhat by accident, touched off the Scientific Revolution in the early 16th century when he wrote to Pope Paul III for support in his recent astrological findings. Using solid math, appropriate research and direct observation, Copernicus concluded that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than, as the Church would have people believe, the Sun revolving around the Earth (Copernicus 1543 c ited in Levick, 2004: 524). His evidence was meticulously outlined and his conclusions were sound, but his ideas were introduced to a mostly unreceptive public who still preferred to believe they were central to God's creation. Galileo, introducing some of these same ideas, would gain greater exposure for the idea thanks to the recent invention of the telescope. This made it possible for other people to go and observe with their own eyes the rotations both Galileo and Copernicus had outlined - helped a bit with Galileo's high-class 'star-gazing' parties (Kaku, 2008). Through a simple telescope such as those used by Galileo and his friends, it is possible to see the craters of the moon and the orbits of some of the moons of Jupiter. These observations, combined with sound mathematic principles, made it possible for Galileo, and Copernicus, to prove reality. â€Å"All reasonings about mechanics have their foundations in geometry, in which I do not see that largeness and smallness mak e large circles †¦ subject to properties different from those of small ones† (Levick, 2004: 322).

Women and Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women and Film - Essay Example In fact she is shooting at the strictures that life has posed for her and Thelma, and the rest of the film shows them breaking out of them. Thelma and Louise starts with two shots that portrays women in a very ordinary, subservient roles. Thus "LOUISE is a waitress in a coffee shop . . . she is in her early thirties, but too old to be doing this", while "THELMA is a housewife . . . slamming coffee cups from the breakfast table into the kitchen sink, which is full of dirty breakfast dishes and some stuff left from last night's dinner. . . "1 They are both, at this stage at least, apparent caricatures of the controlled and limited lives that women are forced to lead. Most telling here is the fact that Thelma must ask her husband if she can go, rather than merely informing him that she is going on a trip with a friend. Louise's reaction is also very revealing as she, while the apparently more independent of the two, at least legitimizes the idea that her friend should have to gain permission from her husband. She immediately expands it to the "husband or father" comment, but her initial (and thus perhaps instinctive) reaction is to annoyed because they are just about to leave and Thelma hasn't gained permission. The first The first sign of rebellion in these early minutes of the film comes with the screeenwriter's note that Thelma "decides not to tell him" (her husband) that she is going on the trip. Her husband, along with nearly all the men portrayed in the film is vain and arrogant, without having the goods to back up either tendency. Men are shown in the same two-dimensional light that women are normally portrayed as in films. Thus all the men are vain, violent and/or stupid in the same way that women are often seen as money-grabbing, mothers or whores in most films. Thelma and Louise must break away from these two-dimensional caricatures in order to find themselves. The hint that violence may be at least a possibility occurs when Thelma surprisingly puts a gun into her bag along with a box of ammunition, with the rather cryptic comment "psycho killers". Whether she is referring to potentially violent men or whether this is perhaps a foreshadowing of the crime spree that she and her friend are just about to stumble into is unclear. The lack of clarity as to why what is about to occur does actually happen has perhaps contributed to the varied critical opinion of this movie. Thus while Nick Schager, in Slant, argues that the film's "feminist call to arms winds up sounding woefully simple-minded"3, Matt Brunson disagrees, saying "this beautifully realized picture remains a trenchant, almost mystical slice of Americana"4 Most critics seem to have fallen somewhere between the two, suggesting that the apparent glorification of casual violence that the film portrays is in fact a reflection of a certain segment of American society. As Wesley Lovell writes, Thelma and Louise is "a

The Unrepentant Chocolatier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Unrepentant Chocolatier - Essay Example This will directly lead to the generation of revenue from the intended target consumers over a longer period of time as compared to that of new products introduced by various other competitors in the market. The company has increasingly committed itself to the development and fulfillment of long term goals and is dedicated to a slow process of brand building for its products. The long term dedication shown by the company towards the brand building as well as its promotion efforts of Nespresso led to increase in the number of consumer conversion from high profile coffee selling brands like Starbucks to a more affordable cheaper alternative provided by the Nestle brand. This shows that the long term effort of the brand has helped to establish consumer connect for the global Swiss company. Weakness The global brand Nestle has been facing a severe shortage in sales for the bottled water products. The bottled water division which constitutes 10% of its entire business interest around the world has been declining sales figures from the established markets due to the impact of recession. Though there are chances of revival of the bottled water market with the bouncing up of the economy, there are also chances of facing increasing resistance from the environmental groups. The lineup of bottled water products is also a source of tremendous weakness for the company as the quality of the bottled water products is declining significantly. In the second quarter of 2009, the products of Nestle’ lost high percentage of market share to various competitors in the high value market that is existent in the United States. The impact of recession has also hit the consumers spending on the company’s product lines in the advanced economies. As a direct step towards the reducing of lifestyle costs, consumers are increasingly shifting to unbranded food items, which have taken a direct impact on the revenue generation cycle of the company. The investors in the share market are also highly concerned with the fact that Nestle might reinvest majority or the entire portion of the cash that it will be receiving from the divesting off the shares of its eye care business in building up and developing the company’s non profitable businesses. This has brought down investor confidence in the company’s processes of handling its own businesses and has reversely affected the company’s share prices in the equity market. The brand Nestle has also stirred significant investor skepticism as the investors feel chiefly that the company has become large as well as unproductive. Opportunities The brand of Nestle is increasingly focusing its attention on the research and development of functional foods, which have high health benefits. Reports by Pricewaterhouse Coopers significantly predict that the global market for functional foods is estimated to stand at $128 billion by 2013. Also, with the increase in market demand for the functional foods in th e European market, it can be increasingly assumed that it will be the new product lines surrounding the functional foods that will be acting as a significant source of revenue for the future and will promote strong growth for the company in the European markets. The brand Nestle has made investments towards the development of functional foods almost a decade ago. This particular early investment plan provides the company with an advantageous position as

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism all spring for the same part of the Essay

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism all spring for the same part of the world and share many of the same symbols, concepts, and prac - Essay Example Hinduism, Sikhism, and Buddhism all originated from India though at different times in history. Buddhism is a form of religion that is based on virtues such as wisdom, freedom from greed, compassion, and love. The term Buddha was the name of an individual who is believed by the Buddhists to have attained the listed virtues. It is believed that Buddhism is 2500 years old. Buddhists view life as a process of change, where an individual develops systematically towards attaining the good personality. Buddhists believe that the mind is the channel through which an individual can change for the better and therefore meditation is an important practice among the Buddhists. Buddhists believe that meditation is the cure to problems of the mind such as lack of sleep, confusion, anxiety, and hatred among others. Festivals are considered important in Buddhism religion as it brings the followers together. The Buddha has various festivities around the year. For instance, the Buddha day marks the ce lebration of the full moon when the followers celebrate enlightenment by reviewing their lives and works. Dharma day is another festivity in Buddhism that marks the full moon and followers commemorate how Buddha shared his experience with the first disciple. Other celebrations include, Sangha day which the community celebrate spiritual community and the Parinirvana which symbolized the death of Buddha. Hinduism is a religion characterized by religious traditions and philosophy. The Hindu religion is also believed to have originated in India. The noble people who lived in India and recorded their ideas, beliefs, and practices on books founded it. The key teaching in Hindu religion is that human nature is not confined in the mind or the body. The Hindus believe that there exist spirits in the human souls all other things that are visible. Hinduism believe on wisdom, joy and peace among the things that make be considered good. Hindus believe in the existence of god in all creation and that god can incarnate is something. Hinduism also believes that god is infinite and manifests in different ways by which he can be contacted or prayed to. The behavior of Hindus is determined by the position an individual hold in life and the responsibilities attached to it. The religion also believes that human beings undergo development stages in life. Hinduism have many festivities around the year. These festivals are marked with prayers, worships, magic, and processions among others. The rituals are meant to cleanse the society, expel bad omen, and revive the power of nature. Some of the Hindu festivities include, celebrations of birthday for the gods, bonding festivals, celebration of victories among others. Sikhism is a form of religion that was founded by a man called Guru Nanak in India approximately five hundred years ago. The Sikhs believe that there is only one god and that all people are equal before god. The Sikhs also believe that before the soul becomes human form, i t undergoes a cycle of development. Another aspect of Sikhism is the practice of leading a virtuous life while balancing between temporal and spiritual obligations. Sikhism religion does not believe in some rituals such as fasting, superstitions, and idol worshiping. In the ritual dimension on religion, it is evident that all these three religions perform certain rituals to

Motivation in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation in the Workplace - Essay Example The university consists mainly of five faculties’ namely engineering, science, humanities, built environment and business school. Deans are at the centres of each of these faculties. The department focused in the case is the engineering department which is composed mainly of the faculties with prior experience in the academics career. Most of the faculties have been in the university for around eight years. Another notable peculiarity of the department is that all the lecturers are males. The department has made notable efforts in creating an industry collaboration and several technology developed by the university has been patented. The protagonist of the case is Anne Henderson who is a notable professional in her industry. Changes in motivational factors are explained with the help of the story of her industrial behaviour and the changes in her career interest. Expansion plans of the university have resulted in them advertising for the post of senior lecturer. The preferred candidate for the post is an expert in the field with good experience in research work, good business contacts and having a willingness to travel. The case ends by referring to the state of mind of Anne Henderson where she comes across the vacancy at Midshires University and makes a call to the university without even looking at the instructions. Anne’s Motivating Factors This case study can be explained in terms of the content and process theories of motivation. For the purpose of the case study, two content and process theories will be considered. â€Å"Content theories explain the specific factors that motivate people. They explain what drives human behavior.† (Ferguson, 2000) Content theories specifically deal with needs and goals of individuals. Therefore, it deals with those factors that motivate individuals. The popular content theories are McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, ERG Theory, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and McClelland’s Th eory of Needs. From the content perspective, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and McClelland’s Need theory will be used to explain Anne’s motivating factors. â€Å"Process Theories deal with the â€Å"process† of motivation and is concerned with â€Å"how† motivation occurs.† (Ozgurzan, 2012) This is unlike the materialistic approach of content theory. Process theories state that any particular motivational behaviour of an individual is the result of an activity on the individual. Some of the popular process theories are Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Goal Theory and Adam’s Equity Theory. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory and Adam’s Equity Theory will be used here to explain Anne’s motivational situation. Herzberg’s theory of motivation states that an individual’s motivation level is influenced mainly by Hygiene Factors and Motivator Factors. Hygiene factors are those factors that are necessary for having a stable motivational level. The absence of these factors can lead to dissatisfaction of employees. But on the contrary their presence is not a motivator for the employees. Some of the hygiene factors are company policy, wages, supervisory quality, working conditions, job security, etc. Now, Anne’s motivation level can be analysed based on this theory. From the case study it can be seen that Anne was provided with an array of hygiene factors by the company. ?80,000 of annual salary, chauffeur-driven car, flat, pension scheme, credit cards and first class air travels were